Correlations of safety culture factors

Table 4.8 Correlations of safety culture factors with incident reporting indices...

It is notable that there were significantly positive correlations between the rate of Level 0 and 1 and a number of safety culture factors leadership safety awareness competence awareness collectivism-individualism and team/stress management. 

First, we will present the results that were apphed to the data collected fiom Hospital M. We calculated a mean annual reporting rate over the three years 2004— 06 as well as a mean score for each safety culture factor (cf Tables 4.2-4.5) for each of 18 work units. A rank-based correlation analysis (Spearman s rho) was applied to these cross-unit data and the analysis of results is shown in Table 4.8. 

As for the reporting rate of Level 0 and 1 cases, significant correlations were also observed with several safety culture factors. However, contrary to the safety measure hypothesis of this index, there was the same trend shown in the reporting rate of Level 2+ cases a positive score for each factor contributes to lower frequency... 

In this subsection, we apply another type of safety performance data, i.e., self-reported staff attitudes to error reporting and interaction with the patient, to the test of criterion validity of the safety culture factors. For this purpose, we used the nurse sample of the Japanese data including more than 17,000 questionnaire responses collected from 82 hospitals (Itoh and Andersen, 2010). An example of resrrlts of correlation analysis is shown in Table 4.10 in terms of Spearman s rho, using the mild outcome case in the three vignettes offered - results for the near-miss and severe cases were quite similar to this case. 

As pointed out by Lazar et al. (2013) outcome measures need to be harmonised. They must be rehable, valid and consistent Most outcome measures reflect a single dimension but rrltimately they must be developed to reflect the continuum of care. While we might ideally want and even require measures of safety climate and culture to correlate with outcome measures, we have tried to describe in this section the many factors that will tend to cover or weaken such correlations. 

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