Copyrighted material models

Figure 47. Measured area-specific admittance (reciprocal of the polarization resistance Rp) as a function of electrode thickness for Pt/ESB and LSM/YSZ composite electrodes. Performance of the same electrode materials without an ionic subphase are also shown for comparison. Lines indicate fits to the model shown in Figure 48, as discussed in the text. (Reprinted with permission from refs 300 and 301. Copyright 1991 and 1992 The Electrochemical Society, Inc. and Elsevier, respectively.)...

Figure 1.63 The fringed-miceUe model of polymer crystallinity. From K. M. Ralls, T. H. Courtney, and J. Wnlff, Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering. Copyright 1976 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. This material is nsed by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Figure 4.52 Single-molecule bead spring models for (a) dilute polymer solution and (b) polymer melt. From R. B. Bird, W. E. Stewart, and E. N. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, 2nd ed. Copyright 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. This material is used by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.1 Schematic illustration of bead-and-spring model of atomic force between atoms. Reprinted, by permission, from M. F. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, Engineering Materials 1, 2nd ed., p. 44. Copyright 1996 by Michael F. Ashby and David R. H. Jones.

FIGURE 8.5 Normalized Zn-EXAFS k3-weighted chi spectra of reference materials and sorption samples used as empirical models for linear combination fitting. (Reprinted with permission from Roberts, D.R. et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1742, copyright 2002. American Chemical Society.)... 

Figure 8.39 Nitrogen isotherm at 77 K and a model of a typical plugged mesoporous silica material. Reproduced with permission from [173], Copyright (2002) American Chemical...

Figure 8.58 (a) SEM image, (b) Schematic drawing of a structural model, (c) Cross-section, (d) One of the chiral channels in the material. Reproduced with permission from [148], Copyright (2004) Nature Publishing... 

Fig. 6 Plot of membrane tension t as a function of dilation for a wide range of copolymer amphiphiles as extracted from MD simulations. The computational models, derived from systematic coarse-graining (black symbols), show nearly the same dilational behavior marked by the solid line. The slope of the line, ka, is very close to experimental measurements performed on giant vesicles 0colored symbols). Experimental data for a dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine lipid membrane are also shown. The point of membrane lysis as observed experimentally for selected lipid and polymersome systems is also shown in the plot with green and red stars, respectively. Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd Nature Materials, Ref. [85], copyright (2004)...

Figure 6.5 Model structure of V2O5 gels represented by atomic sheets V015, O and mH20 sheets. Closed, open and double circles denote vanadium, oxygen and water, respectively. (Reprinted with permission from Materials Research Bulletin, Layered structures of vanadum pentoxidegelsbyT. Yao, Y. OkaandN. Yamamoto, 27, 6,669-675. Copyright(1992)Elsevia-Ltd)...

Figure 3.24. Simulated transmission spectra of standing film of anisotropic inorganic materiai (Table 3.3) at several angles of incidence. Film thickness (a) 1 nm, p) 10 nm, (c) 100 nm. The TO and LO frequencies of model material are shown. Results for s-polarization are shown on left and those for p-polarization are shown on right. Reprinted, by permission, from K. Yamamoto and FI. Ishida, Appl. Optics 34, 4177 (1995), p. 4180, Figs. 3 and 4. Copyright 1995 Optical Society of America.

Fig. 6.5 Pore size distributions of fresh and cycled (87 cycles) materials (solid line) calcined stage (square) carbonated stage and (dashed line) model predictions for the carbonated material. Adapted with the permission from Ref. [16]. Copyright 2005, American Chemical Society...

Figure 5.21 A probable three dimensional structural model for a PAN based HM carbon fiber. Source Reprinted with permission from Barnett FR, Norr MK, Proceedings of the International Conference on Carbon Fibres, their Composites and Applications, London (Plastics Institute), 32, 1974. Copyright 1974, Maney Publishing (who administers the copyright on behalf of lOM Communications Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Institute of Materials, Minerals Mining).

Fig. 17 Reactions which follow rupture in a model of bulk siloxanes. At (a) two rupture fragments have reacted to form a longer chain molecule in (b) fragments have fused to create a chain that lies perpendicular to the direction of the applied force in (c) proton transfer has occurred and (d) labels two charged fragments which did not react on the timescale of the simulation. The inset shows the final configuration of a simulation in which a break in the material has formed in the direction perpendicular to the applied force. E. M. Lupton, F. Achenbach, J. Weis, C. Brauchle and I. Frank, ChemPhysChem, 2009, 10, 119-123. Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA. Reproduced with permission.

Fig. 20 Thermomechanical model for covalently crosslinked SMPs. (a) Schematic diagram of the micromechanics foundation of the 3-D SMP constitutive model (1). Existence of two extreme phases in the polymer is assumed. The diagram represents a polymer in the glass tiansition state with a predominant active phase (b) In the 1-D model, the frozen fraction (pf = Lf (T) /L(T) is defined as a physical internal state variable that is related to the extent of the glass transition, (c) Frozen fraction, (j>f (T), as a function of temperature, derived from curve fitting of the modified recovery strain curve divided by the predeformation strain, (d) Prediction of the free strain recovery responses during heating for polymers predeformed at different levels. Fig. (a) and (b) reprinted with permission from ref. [92], Copyright 2005, Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. Fig. (c) and (d) reprinted from [71], Copyright 2006, with permission from Elsevier.

Figure 1,7 DFT-calculated structures of syn-cycio [l4]thiophene and anti-cycio [30]thiophene. Reproduced with permission from S. 5. Zade and M. Bendikov, Cyclic oligothiophenes novel organic materials and models for polythiophene. A theoretical study, J. Org. Chem., 71, 2972-298 (2006). Copyright 2006 American Chemical Society...

Fig. 12. Schematic diagrams of PBZO fiber structural model, (a) Evolution of fiber morphology suggested by Martin (58) (Reprinted from Ref 28, by courtesy of Materials Research Society) (b) As-spun fiber structure suggested by Kitagawa (215) (Reprinted from Ref 215, Copyright (1998), by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.).

Fig. 8.3 Schematic model for the formation of the mesoporous material from kanemite (Reprinted with permission from Inagaki et al. (1993). Copyright 1993 Royal Society of Chemistry)...

Fig. 12.3 (a) Model sensor unit and (b) elimination effect of filtering materials (Reprinted with permission from Kitsukawa et al. (2000). Copyright 2000 Elsevier)... 

B. A. Ogunnaike, W. H. Ray, Process Dynamics, Modeling, and Contrd, Copyright 1994 Oxford University Press. This material is used by permission of Oxford University Press. 

Fig. 12.40. Block diagram for model predictive control [7]. D. E. Seborg, T. F. Edgar, and D. A. Mellichamp, Process Dynamics and Control, Copyright 2003 John Wiley, Sons, Inc. This material is used by permission of John Wiley, Sons, Inc.

Credit Carter HG, Kibler KG Langmuir-type model for anomalous moisture diffusion in composite resins. 12(2) 118-131, copyright 1978 hy Journal of Composite Materials, Reprinted... 

Figure 5.16 Assembly of ceria nanoparticles into mesoporous architectures. Top Schematic illustrating the principle. Bottom Atomistic model of the mesoporous ceria, which is enlarged (bottom right) to reveal the 111 and 100 planes exposed at the internal surfaces of the material. Reprinted with permission from Sayle et Copyright 2007 American Chemical Society.

F e 5.17 Procedure for generating atomistic models for mesoporous materials by positioning nanoparticles at crystallographic positions. The images at the bottom are atomistic models of mesoporous MgO generated by positioning MgO nanoparticles at FCC positions. Reprinted with permission from Sayle et al. Copyright 2008 American Chemical Society. 

Figure 25.7 Model for the formation of mesostructured 7102 Si02 materials by the use of titanium-citric acid complexes as templates. (Adapted with permission from J. Phys, Chem. C 2009, 113, 9345 [8]. Copyright 2009, American Chemical Society).

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