Copyright duration

The 1976 Copyright Act is the basic law governing copyright in the late twentieth century (2). But the principles and provisions of the 1909 act are still important, eg, in the provisions regarding duration. There have been many significant amendments to the 1976 act since it went into effect on January 1,1978. 

FIG. 26 Typical DPSC data for the oxidation of DMFc to DMFc+ (forward step of 0.371 s duration, upper solid line) and the collection of DMFc" by reduction to DMFc (reverse step, lower solid line) at a tip in a DCE phase, positioned at a distance of 4.4 pm from the DCE-aqueous interface. The upper dashed line shows the theoretical characteristics for hindered diffusion of DMFc to the tip. The lower dashed line is the theoretical response when there is no DMFc+ transfer across the ITIES. (Reprinted from Ref. 86. Copyright Elsevier Science.)... 

Figure 18. The channel phase versus the final state energy for = 40 fs and = 40 fs. The pulse durations are as in Fig. 17. Panel (a) corresponds to resonant excitation of the intermediate state, Scoi = 1.425 eV, and panel (b) to red-detuned excitation, Kcoi = 1.275 eV. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 48, Copyright 2006 American Institute of Physics.)... 

Fig. 10 ROCSA pulse sequence based on Cn symmetry. The rectangular blocks in black represent jt/2 pulses. The recoupling period (q) comprises k cycles of Cnln. Each complete cycle of Cnln spans n rotor periods (nzR). The rf phase of each Cq subcycle is set equal to 2nq/n, where q is an index running from 0 to n — 1. Within each Cq subcycle, azR and bzR indicate the position and the duration of the POST composite pulse, respectively. We find that the solution (a, b) = (0.0329,0.467) is a favorable choice for the suppression of the homonuclear dipole-dipole interaction. The bracketed and subscripted values indicate the pulse length and rf phase in radians, respectively. (Figure and caption adapted from [158], Copyright [2003], American Institute of Physics)...

Figure 31. Reduced Duration Versus Reduced Pressure. (Reprinted with permission from ref. 18. Copyright 1983 Pergamon Press.)...

Fig. 6.1 Different strains of mice detect different concentrations of urinary odours of conspecifics with BALB/c>129/Sl>C57BL/6. Presented are the mean durations ( SEM) that mice investigated water and three sequential 2-min presentations of the same concentration of urine from one of the other strains at (A) 10 2, (B) 10 3 and (C) 10-4 concentrations. Immediatelyafter the presentation of Urine A, mice were exposed to a novel urine B (the other foreign strain) at the same concentration.(Reprinted from Neuroscience, 118, Lee, Emsley, Brown, and Hagg, T. Marked differences in olfactory sensitivity and apparent speed of forebrain neuroblast migration in three inbred strains of mice. 263-270, Copyright (2006), with permission from Elsevier)...

Figure 33. Relative amount (atom %) of surface species C, O, and F on cathode samples as a function of storage temperature. Numbers in parentheses indicate the storage duration in weeks. (Reproduced with permission from ref 294 (Figure 8). Copyright 2002 The Electrochemical Society.)...

Fig. 14. ID COSY-RELAY spectra of two terminal glucoses of oligosaccharide 5. (a) Partial H spectrum of 5 at 600 MHz and 27°C. Spectra (b) and (c) were acquired using the pulse sequence in fig. 13(a) (k = 3) with the initial polarization transfer from overlapping anomeric protons of terminal glucoses. Duration of the Gaussian pulse was 50 ms, to = 39 ms, T] = 50 ms, A = 9.09 ms, T2 = 50 ms, T3 = 40 ms, number of scans was 64, relaxation delay and acquisition times were 2 and 1.4 s, respectively. AT = 0 for the first and N = 1 for the second spectrum, (d) is the sum of (a) and (b), (e) is the difference between (a) and (b). (Reprinted with permission from ref. [38]. Copyright 1993 ESCOM Science Publisher...

Figure 3. The Influence of exercise duration, during different intensities of treadmill running, on cytochrome c content in the white section of the vastus lateralis muscle (fast-twitch white fibers) of rats. Running speed (O ) 10 m/min, ( ) 20 m/min, ( A) 30 m/min, ( ) 40 m/min, ( ) 50 m/min, (A) 60 m/min, "Reproduced with permission from Ref. 44. Copyright 1982, American Physiological Society. "...

Figure 6-2 Comparison of onset, intensity, and duration of anesthesia obtained with tetracaine 0.5%, proparacaine 0.5%, and benoxinate 0.4%. (Reprinted with permission from Am J Ophthalmol 1955 40 697-704. Copyright, The Ophthalmic Publishing Company.)...

Fig. 10. Absorption spectra of the electron at different delays after photo-ionization of hquid water at 21°C by two photon excitation with pulses of 100 fs duration at 310 nm. [Reprinted from Ref. 19, Copyright 1987, with permission from The American Physical Society.]...

Figure 6.19. Membership functions for the duration and magnitude of primitive shapes. Reprinted from [340]. Copyright 1998 with permission from Elsevier.

The duration of a copyright for a work created after January 1, 1978, is the life of the author (or, for joint works, the last surviving author) plus 50 years. When the author is unknown or is a business entity rather than an individual, the duration is either 75 years from the year of first... 

The forward step duration is denoted by r. [Reprinted with permission from M. Petek, T. E. Neal, and R. W. Murray, Ana/. Chem., 43, 1069 (1971). Copyright 1971, American Chemical Society.]... 

Figure 8. Accumulation of PSI on one pole (EPL inducing pulse and prepulse antiparallel) and its depletion on the other pole (EPL inducing pulse and prepulse parallel) as a function of prepulse train duration time. Prepulse field amplitude is 80 V/cm in the presence of 4% dextran (O) and in its absence (%). (Reproduced with permission from reference 20. Copyright 1989...

Fig. 15 Confirmation of the reorganization of the protective Au overlayer on Ag—Au electrodes upon interruption of the anodic polarization. The sum of the charges q,

Figure 9.12 Molecular weight distribution function for situations in which the duration of the growth stage is short compared to the residence time in the reactor (e.g., free-radical polymerization). The steady-state operating conditions in CSTR A and CSTR B correspond to relative monomer concentrations of 0.1 and 0.354, respectively. The conditions in the batch reactor involve a transition from a relative monomer concentration of 1.0 to one of 0.1. [Adapted with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry from the contribution of K. G. Denbigh to Trans. Faraday Soc., 43,648 (1947). Copyright 1947, The Royal Society of Chemistry.]...

Fig. 7.8 SEM images of the alumina ceramics sintered at 1650 °C for different time durations a 0 min, b 10 min, c 20 min, and d 30 min. Reproduced with permission from [13]. Copyright 2012, John Wiley Sons...

Fig. 7.38 SEM images of the AI2O3 ceramics with 0.05 wt% MgO microwave sintered at 1750 °C at a heating rate of 100 °C min for different time durations a 15, b 30, and c 45 min. Reproduced with permission from [150]. Copyright 2002, Elsevier...

Fig. 9.35 Output performance of the main amplifier with image relay optics at a repetition rate of 10 Hz output energy as a function of the laser diode peak power for different pump duration. Reproduced with permission from [261]. Copyright 2009, Elsevier...

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