Copper hemocyanins

Based in part on the article Copper Hemocyanin/Tyrosinase Models by Nobumasa Kitajima which appeared in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition. 

Dnring the late 1970s, Solomon and collaborators prepared and extensively characterized a series of derivatives leading to models of the copper active-site structure and it function that are snmmarized in several articles. " While decades ago the end-on coordination was favored when interpreting the spectra, now great effort is applied to interpreting the spectra on the basis of the results of the recently resolved X-ray stracture, " which clearly show that dioxygen is bound in a side-on coordination between the two copper atoms. Several other contributions in this book will focus this point see Copper Hemocyanin/Tyrosinase Models). 

Cobalt Inorganic Coordination Chentistry Copper Hemocyanin/Tyrosinase Models Copper Inorganic Coordination Chemistry Copper Proteins Oxidases Copper Proteins with Dinuclear Active Sites Iron Heme Proteins Dioxygen Transport Storage Iron Heme Proteins, Mono- Dioxygenases Iron Models of Proteins with Dinuclear... 

Cobalt B12 Enzymes Coenzymes Copper Hemocyanin/Tyrosinase Models Heterogeneous Catalysis by Metals Hydride Complexes of the Transition Metals Hydrocyanation by Homogeneous Catalysis Hydrogen Inorganic Chemistry Mechanisms of Reaction of Organometalhc Complexes Nickel OrganometaUic Chemistry Ohgomerization Polymerization by... 

Chalcogenides Solid-state Chemistry Copper Enzymes in Denitrification Copper Hemocyanin/Tyrosinase Models Copper Proteins Oxidases Copper Proteins with Dinuclear Active Sites Copper Proteins with Type 1 Sites Copper Proteins with Type 2 Sites Iron Sulfitf Models of Protein Active Sites Iron-Snlfiir Proteins Nickel Enzymes Cofactors Nickel Models of Protein Active Sites Polynuclear Organometallic Cluster Complexes. 

The clinical symptoms of classical Menkes disease can be traced back to developmentaUy important copper enzymes such as lysyl oxidase, tyrosinase (see Copper Hemocyanin/Tyrosinase Models), cytochrome c oxidase (see Cytochrome Oxidase), dopamine -hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase, and amine oxidase (see Superoxide Dismutase). Lysyl oxidase is needed for the cross-linking of connective tissue a deficiency in this enzyme causes weakened connective tissue and connective tissue disorder such as arterial ruptures as observed in these patients. Low levels of cytochrome c oxidase cause temperature instability and the absence of tyrosinase explains the hair depigmentation observed in affected individuals. ... 

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