Copper continued electronic structure

Copper (continued) cynates, 17 322, 323 diaminodithioether complexes, 17 185 diazene complexes, 27 232 difluoride, structure, 27 85, 86, 87, 88 dinuclear sites, 40 362-367 diphosphine complexes of, 14 235-239 electron-density distributions of complexes, 27 34, 41... 

The alloy catalysts used in these early studies were low surface area materials, commonly metal powders or films. The surface areas, for example, were two orders of magnitude lower than that of platinum in a commercial reforming catalyst. Hence these alloys were not of interest as practical catalysts. The systems emphasized in these studies were combinations of metallic elements that formed continuous series of solid solutions, such as nickel-copper and palladium-gold. The use of such systems presumably made it possible to vary the electronic structure of a metal crystal in a known and convenient manner, and thereby to determine its influence on catalytic activity. Bimetallic combinations of elements exhibiting limited miscibility in the bulk were not of interest. Aspects of bimetallic catalysts other than questions related to the influence of bulk electronic structure received little attention in these studies. 

The roles of the copper enzymes in electron transport, oxygen transport, and oxidation reactions have guaranteed continued interest in their study. In addition to studies of the natural compounds, there have been many attempts to design model structures of these enzymes, particularly of the binuclear species. Many of these include both nitrogen and oxygen donors built into macrocyclic ligands, although sulfur has been used as well. ... 

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