Copernican revolution

This work examines Copernican revolution and the anatomical work of Vesalius, discusses alchemy, astrology, and Harvey s discovery of the circulatory system. In addition, the author considers the effects of Galileo s telescopic discoveries and much more... 

As the concept of the Universe has extended, astronomy has experienced a series of Copernican revolutions. In the beginning, the Universe was just the Solar System, as propounded by Aristotle and Ptolemy. It was then identified with the Galaxy, and finally, with the collection of all galaxies. Several millennia of astronomy have taken us to the following understanding ... 

I think it would be no exaggeration to compare the discovery of LSD, and the use of LSD, by such pioneers as Dr. [Stanislav] Grof, whom you heard last night, to the Copernican revolution, the Darwinian revolution, and the Freudian revolution. 

The Copernican revolution took the human being s planet out of the center of the universe and out of the center of its own solar system and put it on the periphery. The Darwinian revolution placed the human being in direct descent from lower animals. The Freudian revolution pointed out that much of human motivation is unconscious, rather than conscious. Fluman beings were still holding on to that little bit of conscious motivation that they had until Albert Hofmann came along with LSD, suggesting to us that what little conscious motivation we have is chemical in nature and that it can be influenced very radically by chemicals. 

Schellnhuber, H. J. (1999). Earth system analysis and the second Copernican revolution. Nature 402, C19-C23. 

What is commonly referred to as the Copernican revolution, started with the birth of Copernicus and lasted until the death of Newton - a period of 250 years. This period of renaissance corresponds to the transition from medieval cosmology to the first scientific description of the solar system. It is instructive to compare the lifespans of the major players ... 

Immanuel Kant, 1724-1804, isoftenoonsideredoneofthegreatest, and most influential thinkers of modern Europe and the last major philosopher of the Enlightenment. His most original contribution to philosophy is his Copernican Revolution, that it is the representation that makes the object possible rather than the object that makes the representation possible. This introduced the human mind as an active originator of experience rather than just a passive recipient of perception. 

The fact that 1995 marked the discovery of the first extrasolar planet can be compared with the Copernican Revolution that not the Earth but the Sun is the center of our planetary system and the discovery of Hubble, that the universe is expanding. Since 1995 it became evident that planetary systems are common in the universe and this has certainly big impact on the question whether there are other habitable planets or not. 

One may question the relevance of this problem, or, in Kuhn s terminology, whether it belongs to normal science or to revolutionary science . Kuhn has commented on this classification ... to answer the question normal or revolutionary one must first ask, for whom . He gives two examples the advent of Copernican astronomy was a revolution for everyone, but the discovery of molecular oxygen was a revolution only for chemists. 

The definitive discovery of 4-D beings would drastically alter our worldview and change our society as profoundly as the Copernican, Darwinian, and Ein-steinian revolutions. It would impact religions and spur interest in science as never before. 

The Copernican view of the heavens had been championed by Galileo, refined by Kepler, and remarkably extended to a set of axioms by Newton with the three laws of mechanics, the resulting formulation of a universal law of gravitation, and the theory of the tides. Newton, who is viewed as the father of modern physics, presented much of this in 1687 in his book Principia, often considered one of the most important works of science ever written, thus capping the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. 

Galileo Galilei, February 15,1564-January 8,1642, was an Italian physicist, astronomer, and philosopher who is closely associated with the scientific revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope, a variety of astronomical observations, the first and second laws of motion, and effective support for Copernicanism. 

Copernican (heliocentric) tmiverse Gopernicus pubhshes De revolutionibus On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres), in which he refutes geocentric Ptolemaic cosmology and proposes that the Sun, not Earth, lies at the center of the then-known universe (the solar system). 

---