Cooling Flammability

Prevention of fire spread or explosion is sometimes possible by the use of water spray to dissolve, dilute, disperse, or cool flammable or combustible materials. 

Urea and potassium bicarbonate Potassium chloride Potassium bicarbonate Sodium bicarbonate Chemically inhibits combustion chain reaction Blocks radiation Cooling Flammable and combustible liquids Electrical fires Ordinary commodities Metals... 

Antimony Oxide as a Primary Flame Retardant. Antimony oxide behaves as a condensed-phase flame retardant in cellulosic materials (2). It can be appHed by impregnating a fabric with a soluble antimony salt followed by a second treatment that precipitates antimony oxide in the fibers. When the treated fabric is exposed to a flame, the oxide reacts with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose (qv) causing them to decompose endothermically. The decomposition products, water and char, cool the flame reactions while slowing the production and volatilization of flammable decomposition products (see Flaa retardants for textiles). 

Chlorates are strong oxidising agents. Dry materials, such as cloth, leather, or paper, contaminated with chlorate may be ignited easily by heat or friction. Extreme care must be taken to ensure that chlorates do not come in contact with heat, organic materials, phosphoms, ammonium compounds, sulfur compounds, oils, greases or waxes, powdered metals, paint, metal salts (especially copper), and solvents. Chlorates should be stored separately from all flammable materials in a cool, dry, fireproof building. 

Because chloroprene is a flammable, polymerisable Hquid with significant toxicity, it must be handled with care even in the laboratory. In commercial quantities, precaution must be taken against temperature rise from dimerisation and polymerisation and possible accumulation of explosive vapor concentrations. Storage vessels for inhibited monomer require adequate cooling capacity and vessel pressure rehef faciUties, with care that the latter are free of polymer deposits. When transportation of monomer is required, it is loaded cold (< — 10° C) into sealed, insulated vessels with careful monitoring of loading and arrival temperature and duration of transit. 

Pipe-rack-mounted air-cooled heat exchangers with flammable fluids generally have concrete fire decks which isolate the exchangers from the piping. 

Provide adequate fixed fire protection for tanks and vessels containing flammable, unstable or reactive materials. This can include fire loops with hydrants and monitors in the storage area, foam systems for individual tanks, and deluge spray systems to keep the exposed surfaces of tanks cool in case of fire in an adjacent tank. 

Premature shutdown of fans/venti-lation system immediately following shutdown of heat input (prior to sufficient cooling) resulting in hot spots and flammable pockets (dryers, carbon beds, and thermal oxidizers). Possibility of subsequent ignition resulting in fire or explosion. 

Ensure that cooling solvent temperature is sufficiently low to operate outside flammable limits... 

Drumming at Follow operating procedures incorrect tempera-, Cool adequately before drumming ture. Possibility of flammable atmo- drums until material has cooled down sphere, or initia- sufficiently tion of thermally Provide adequate fixed fire protection unstable materials.. ventilation Check heat tracing for excessive heat input ACGIH 1986 Bossart 1974 CCPS G-15 CCPS G-22 CCPS G-29 CCPS G-30... 

Wash several times with cold H2O to remove alcohol and HCl and dry over CaCl2. It is important to dry well before distilling in vacuo. Note that the receiver should be cooled in ice to avoid loss of distillate into the trap and vacuum pump. The liquid is highly TOXIC and flammable. [J Am Chem Soc 72 1254 1950.]... 

Dicblorodifluoromethane (Freon 12) 175-71-8] M 120.9, m -158", b -29.8"/atm, 42.5"/10atm. Passage through saturated aqueous KOH then cone H2SO4, and a tower packed with activated copper on Kielselguhr at 200° removed CO2 and O2. A trap cooled to -29° removed a trace of high boiling material. It is a non-flammable propellant. 

Apart from deliberate spraying through small orifices, flammable, finely divided mist is most likely to be created by rapid cooling of hot vapor or rapid expansion of pressurized vapor. These form the basis of numerous experimental techniques for creating dense, almost monodispersed mists less than 10 /rm diameter. Condensation of hot oil vapor has commonly been... 

A liquefied gas or any mixture of liquefied gases, which is flammable in air and has a boiling point <0°C (measured at 1 bar absolute), when held under refrigeration or cooling at a pressure <1.4 bar absolute. 

Indoors Cool, well-ventilated area Non-combustible construction Segregated from other flammables/reactants ... 

In the laboratory, a range of slush baths may be used for speciality work. These are prepared by cooling organic liquids to their melting points by the addition of liquid nitrogen. Common examples are given in Table 8.2. Unless strict handling precautions are instituted, it is advisable to replace the more toxic and flammable solvents by safer alternatives. 

Store cylinders, both full and empty, in a cool location away from flammable, toxic, or corrosive materials and preferably at least 6.1 m from any source of ignition or heat. 

Very flammable gases or very volatile flammable liquids. Shut off flow and keep cooling water streams on expxased tanks or containers. 

Fire Hazards - Flash Point (deg. F) 2Q OC Flammable Limits in Air (%) 1.5 - 18.3 Fire Extinguishing Agents Dry chemical, alcohol foam, carbon dioxide Fire Extinguishing Agents Not To Be Used Water may be ineffective Special Hazards of Combustion Products No data Behavior in Fire Containers may explode in fires. Apply water to cool containers from a safe distance Ignition Temperature (deg. F) 959 Electrical Hazard No data Burning Rate No data. 

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