Conway bridge

In spite of this Fairbairn [51] complains about the number of weak bridges built as a result of the success of the Britannia and Conway bridges. There were defects not only in the safety factors used but the eroneous system of contractors tendering by weight, led not only to defects in the principle of construction, but the introduction of bad iron and, in many cases, equally bad workmanship. 

The described electrodes, and especially the silver chloride, calomel and mercurous sulphate electrodes are used as reference electrodes combined with a suitable indicator electrode. The calomel electrode is used most frequently, as it has a constant, well-reproducible potential. It is employed in variously shaped vessels and with various KC1 concentrations. Mostly a concentration of KC1 of 0.1 mol dm-3, 1 mol dm-3 or a saturated solution is used (in the latter case, a salt bridge need not be employed) sometimes 3.5 mol dm-3 KC1 is also employed. The potentials of these calomel electrodes at 25°C are as follows (according to B. E. Conway) ... 

Prucz, Z. and Conway, W. B. 1987. Design of Bridge Piers Against Ship Collision , Bridges and Transmission Line Structures, (Edited by L. Tall), ASCE, New York, NY, pp. 209-223. 

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