Conway and Bockris

The initial theoretical treatment of these mechanisms of deposition was given by Lorenz (31-34). The initial experimental studies on surface diffusion were published by Mehl and Bockris (35, 38). Conway and Bockris (36, 40) calculated activation energies for the ion-transfer process at various surface sites. The simulation of crystal growth with surface diffusion was discussed by Gilmer and Bennema (43). 

The conclusions presented by Conway and Bockris are summarized briefly. The process of hydrogen discharge consists of two steps, the first being the formation of adsorbed hydrogen atoms (designated MH) ... 

The Eley-Pauling relation [Eq. (3)] was first used in electrosorption studies by Conway and Bockris (14) to rationalize the dependence of observed standard rate constants for the HER (as exchange current densities) at various electrode metals on respective properties of the metals, such as their electronic work functions, electronegativities, and chemisorption energies for H, as mentioned earlier. 

The value of calculated in this way obviously includes a part of the hydration energy of the surface atoms, as considered by Conway and Bockris [2.16, 2.17]. 

The HOR and HER are the most thoroughly studied electrocatalytic systems [105-114]. Excellent reviews are given by Breiter [115], Lasia [116], and Markovic [117]. Conway and Bockris first established, in 1957, a linear relation between log /0 and the metal work function 0 [118]. Parsons [60] and Gerischer [119]... 

Detailed studies were made by Delahay and Ruetschi and by Conway and Bockris on these correlations between W and A, and the latter authors... 

It was shown on theoretical grounds by Conway and Bockris that the two-step transition should have a lower overall energy barrier than the single-step process with a two-electron exchange in one transition state. Hence, it could be expected that the prevailing mode of reaction will involve two single-electron transitions. 

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