Converter performance parameters Pressure

Both energy and entropy calculations of the type described above are generally performed at constant volume, or more precisely constant lattice parameter. These may, however, be converted to constant pressure values using the following... 

In general, PBX materials are used for the warheads of rockets and guns. Thus, the detonation pressure pj represented by Eq. (9.7) is the most important parameter above all others. Since the detonation velocity Wj, can be measured more easily and more accurately than pj, performance is evaluated by measuring Wp, which is converted into pj by means of Eq. (9.7). Table 9.6 shows Wj, and p data, along with computed detonation pressures at the CJ point, for various HMX-PBX and RDX-PBXmaterials. 

Figure 78. Performance for a four-bed quench converter as a function of operating pressure with space velocity (per hour) as parameter 10% inerts in the inlet synthesis gas...

In general, PBX is used for the warheads of rockets and guns. Thus, the detonation pressure (pj) represented by Eq. (8.7) is a more important parameter than other properties. Since the measurement of the detonation velocity uD is easier and more accurate than the measurement of pj, the performance evaluations are done by uD which is converted to pj by the use of Eq. (8.7). Table 8-3 shows uD and p data, and gives the computed detonation pressure at the CJ point of HMX-PBX and RDX-PBX. 

In a similar manner, a modified Rh(PPh3) catalyst was able to convert camphene under neat conditions at 200 bar into the aldehydes [77, 78]. This protocol was carried out in a >400 g scale. When the syngas pressure and temperature were lowered (90 bar, 100 °C), the linear aldehydes were formed in nearly quantitative yields [7 6]. In the presence of phosphorus ligands, the formation of the endo isomer was favored (exo/endo 1 1.5), whereas in immodified systems both exo and endo compounds were formed in nearly equal amounts. Neither steric nor electronic parameters of the Ugands were found to influence significantly the diastereose-lectivity of the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation. The reaction was likewise performed in a toluene/water biphasic system employing TPPTS to immobilize the rhodium catalyst in the aqueous phase [84]. A mixture of exo and endo isomers of the linear aldehyde (exo/endo 1/1.5) was obtained in nearly 100% chemoselectivity and 71% yield [Rh(COD)(OAc)]2, TPPTS, CO/Hj (1 1, 8 MPa), 80 C, toluene/water (2.5 1 v/v), 48 h. ... 

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