Contraceptive agents clinical studies

A wealth of epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies link estrogens with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This evidence has promoted CVD as a key area within the extragenital effects of estrogens. The question is of interest because it directly affects the wide clinical use of estrogens as contraceptive agents or as principal constituents of hormonal therapy (HT) formulations in postmenopausal women. The significance of the subject is further reinforced by the relevance of CVD as a cause of mortality and morbidity in both women and men. 

Gossypol occurs in certain species of Gossypium (cotton), mostly in the seeds and root bark. Clinical studies have confirmed its efficacy as a male contraceptive agent (1). 

Before discussing the clinical application of these steroidal agents it is well to keep in mind the extraordinary efficacy of this mode of contraception. In Table I we present the data assembled by Venning (31) on the relative efficacy of various contraceptive methods. All of those studied in various experimental trials effectively reduced fertility, but the oral contraceptive most extensively studied (the norethynodrel-estrogen combination) is much the most effective. Indeed, the pregnancy rate listed appears to be attributable to failure to use the method properly rather than to a rare physiological exception to the action of the drug. 

A dose relationship study withgChlormadinone ace gte (4) as a "minipill" had been published a clinical study of this antifertility agent, and a novel approach in the contraceptive field, a reverse-sequential regimen aimed to i prove the acceptability of 4 as a minipill has been described... 

Rosiglitazone has been studied in combination with acarbose, digoxin, metformin, nifedipine, ranitidine, warfarin, and oral contraceptives [67,72] There have been no clinically significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of any of these agents in combination with rosiglitazone. 

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