Conical microtool

Sharp conical microtool fabricated by the drop-off method [23]. 

Figure 9.1(a) shows a magnified view of a micronozzle fabricated by EMM utilizing a conical microtool [1] with a feed rate of 1.65 pm/min. Machining conditions were pulse frequency 10 MHz,... 

The applied voltage is one of the important parameter for the removal of material. Therefore, the investigation was started with the variation of voltage. When the applied voltage was <1.5 V, sharp conical formations of the microtool were found as shown in Fig. 6.10. Here, the conical angle formed has a diameter of 64 pm at a distance of 712 pm from the tip of the microtool. 

The shape of the cylindrical microtool and form of the tip of the microtool also play an important role in machining microfeatures in EMM [32]. There can be various types of the cylindrical microtools according to the shape of the shank and shape at the tip. Schematics of some microtools such as cylindrical, conical, reverse conical, cut edge electrode, spherical and disk-end shaped microelectrode are as shown in Fig. 6.16. 

Microtools of different shapes (a) cylindrical, (b) conical, (c) reverse conical, (d) cut edge electrode, (e) spherical end, and (f) disk end. 

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