Conduction-based extracellular electron transfer

As the cell membrane of microorganisms is non-conductive, how to transfer the electrons across the cell membrane (usually termed as extracellular electron transfer (EET)) is the key issue for MES. Eor the bioanode, extracellular electron transfer usually refers to outwards electron transfer, which is related to transportation of intracellular electrons to the solid electrode. To date, at least three electron transfer pathways have been explored, i.e., electron shuttle mediated electron transfer, outer membrane redox proteins mediated contact-based electron transfer, and conductive pili mediated electron transfer (Figure 5.5). ... 

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