Composite polyamide membranes cross section

Figure 4.9 Cross-section of a polyamide composite RO membrane.

Figure 6.15 (a) Cross-section of a thin-film composite polyamide RO membrane (FT-30), (b) chemical structure of FT-30 polymer, and (c) Micrograph of a thin-film composite membrane-polyamide layer on polysulphone support. Source P.A. Pacheo et al, J. Memb. Sci. 358 (2010), 51-59. Copyright (2010), with permission from Elsevier. 

Figure 8. Cross-section of a composite polyamide/polysulfone reverse osmosis membrane as seen by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The thin polyamide layer (less that 1 pm) is on the top of the polysulfone support...

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