Complex vesicle

Phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous media. The molecules form two approximately parallel rows with tails on the inside and heads toward the outside, in contact with the solution. This arrangement, shown in Figure 12-18. is analogous to the vesicles in Figure 12-17. The bilayer forms a closed sac that contains the aqueous cytoplasm and all the cellular components. Thus, a cell can be viewed as a large and complex vesicle. 

Schrage S, Sigel R, Schlaad H (2003) Formation of amphiphilic polyion complex vesicles from mixtures of oppositely charged block ionomers. Macromolecules 36(5) 1417-1420... 

Cytochrome c cytochrome c oxidase cytochrome c/cytochrome c oxidase cytochrome c oxidase/CO complex Vesicle-resident cytochromes... 

Anraku Y, Kishimura A, Oba M et al (2010) Spontaneous formation of nanosized unilamellar polyion complex vesicles with tunable size and properties. J Am Chem Soc 132 1631-1636... 

Kishimura A, Koide A, Osada K, Yamasaki Y, Kataoka K. Encapsulation of myoglobin in PEGylated polyion complex vesicles made from a pair of oppositely charged block iono-mers a physiologically available oxygen carrier. Angew Chem Int Ed 2007 46(32) 6085-8. 

Chuanoi S, Anraku Y, Hori M, Kishimura A, Kataoka K. Fabrication of polyion complex vesicles with enhanced salt and tempo ature resistance and their potential applications as enzymatic nanoreactors. Biomacromolecules 2014 15(7) 2389-97. 

Kishimura A. Development of polyion complex vesicles (PlCsomes) from block copoly mers for biomedical applications. Polym J 2013 45(9) 892-7. 

Anraku Y, Kishimura A, Yamasaki Y, Kataoka K. Living unimodal growth of polyion complex vesicles via two-dimensional supramolecular polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2013 135(4) 1423-9. 

Finally, we note that by using Eq. (53) and varying the parameters yo, //q, kc, and A/, a number of more complex vesicle shapes have been derived [34], and that theoretical schemes based on the pressure tensor in the interface have been worked out to derive the bending constants and kc [35,36]. 

---