Complementary inverter structure

Figure 16.6 (a) Illustration of a complementary inverter structure, (b) Transfer characteristics of a voltage inverter, (c) Schematic of the LE-FET. (Reprinted with permission from Ref [16,20 )... 

FIGURE 12.27 The formation of a cruciform structure from a paliudromic sequence within DNA. The self-complementary Inverted repeats can rearrange to form hydrogen-bonded cruciform loops. 

The bending observed with this and other sequences may be important in the binding of some proteins to DNA A rather common type of DNA sequence is a palindrome. A palindrome is a word, phrase, or sentence that is spelled identically read either forward or backward two examples are ROTATOR and NURSES RUN. The term is applied to regions of DNA with inverted repeats of base sequence having twofold symmetry over two strands of DNA (Fig. 8-20). Such sequences are self-complementary within each strand and therefore have the potential to form hairpin or cruciform (cross-shaped) structures (Fig. 8-21). When the inverted repeat occurs within each individual strand of the DNA, the sequence is called a mirror repeat. Mrror repeats do not have complementary sequences within the same strand and cannot form hairpin or cruciform structures. Sequences of these types are found... 

The most essential and unique component in AAV is its inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) at both ends of the viral genome (57). In AAV-2, the ITR is composed of 145 self-complementary nucleotides (Fig. 2). This is an extremely GC (guanosine and cytosine)-rich sequence with a GC content of higher than 80% (the average GC content in human chromosomal DNA is less than 60% (58)). The overall structure ofthe ITR is a T-shaped hairpin with a three-way junction (Fig. 2). The A and A fragments form a duplex stem which terminates with two small palindromes (defined as B, B and C, C arms). Depending on the orientation of these two small palindromes, AAV ITRs can be classified as flip (B arm is closer to the 3 end) or flop (C arm is closer to the 3 end) (29). Biophysical studies have indicated that the ITR is composed of largely... 

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