Common response elements

Schiile R, Umesono K, Mangelsdorf DJ, Bolado J, Pike JW, Evans RM (1990) Jun-Fos and receptors for vitamins A and D recognize a common response element in the human osteocalcin gene. Cell 61 497-504... 

Nakshatri H, Bhat-Nakshatri P (1998) Multiple parameters determine the specificity of transcriptional response by nuclear receptors HNF-4, ARP-1, PPAR, RAR and RXR through common response elements. Nucl Acid Res 26 2491-2499... 

Umesono K, Giguere V, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM (1988) Retinoic acid and thyroid hormone induce gene expression through a common responsive element. Nature 336 262-265... 

These nuclear receptors have several common structural features (Figure 43-12). All have a centrally located DNA-binding domain (DBD) that allows the receptor to bind with high affinity to a response element. The DBD contains two zinc finger binding motifs (see Figure 39-14) that direct binding either as homodimers, as heterodimers (usually with a retinoid X... 

All GTP binding proteins in signal transduction share a common structural element - the Ras-like domain which is responsible for the specific complexation of guanosine diphosphate and -triphosphate and which contains catalytic residues that promote GTP-hydrolysis. 

These are detailed procedures used in the event of an operational emergency or malevolent act. EAPs may be applicable across many different emergencies and are typically common core elements of the overall municipality ERP (e.g., responsibilities, notifications lists, security procedures, etc.) and can be referenced. 

The DNA-binding domain binds to a specific nucleotide sequence in the promoter or response element. Several types of DNA-binding domain motifs have been characterized and have been used to define certain families of transcription factors. Some common DNA-binding domains include ... 

The steroid hormone receptors are sequence specific DNA binding proteins whose cognate DNA elements are termed hormone responsive elements" (HREs). The HREs known to date possess a common structure. They are composed primarily of two copies of a hexamer sequence. In table 4.1 are listed the hexamer sequences of the HREs of important nuclear receptors. 

Martinez, E., Givel, F. Wahli, W. (1991). A common ancestor DNA motif for invertebrate and vertebrate hormone response elements. The EMBO Journal 10, 263-8. 

Situations occur in which receptors are present in cells which are hormone insensitive. This is relatively common in tumour cells where our ignorance as to the molecular mechanisms involved are covered by the use of the term post receptor defect [27,28]. In at least one such case, this defect lies within the steroid response element of the gene [28]. This regulatory region usually, but not always, found 5 to the RNA initiation site, is the DNA acceptor site(s) for the steroid receptor complex (Fig. 4). It has the properties of an enhancer (see other articles for more com-... 

Figure 6.18. The three common elements in the osmosensory signal transduction cascade of cells (1) osmosensors that monitor osmolality (2) signal transduction pathways that transmit the information provided by the primary osmosensors to (3) osmotic response elements that regulate gene expression and activities of proteins (enzymes and transporters) that are essential for osmotic adaptation.

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