Commercial Blends

Chill Powder. Chili powder is a commercial blend of several spices, ie, chili peppers, oregano, cumin seed, onion and gadic powders, aUspice, perhaps cloves, and others. Chili powder is the basic flavor for many highly spiced dishes, among them chili con came, and is used in cocktail sauces and ground meats. 

Polymer Blends. Commercial blends of nylon with other polymers have also been produced in order to obtain a balance of the properties of the two materials or to reduce moisture uptake. Blends of nylon-6,6 with poly(phenylene oxide) have been most successflil, but blends of nylon-6,6 and nylon-6 with polypropylene have also been introduced. 

Table 5. Commercial Blends with Miscible Principal Components...

Engineering resins can be combined with either other engineering resins or commodity resins. Some commercially successhil blends of engineering resins with other engineering resins include poly(butylene terephthalate)—poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonate—poly(butylene terephthalate), polycarbonate—poly(ethylene terephthalate), polysulfone—poly (ethylene terephthalate), and poly(phenylene oxide)—nylon. Commercial blends of engineering resins with other resins include modified poly(butylene terephthalate), polycarbonate—ABS, polycarbonate—styrene maleic anhydride, poly(phenylene oxide)—polystyrene, and nylon—polyethylene. 

Commercial blends of NBR and PP, dynamically vulcanized, Monsanto (Geolast)... 

Large amounts of diterpene mono- and di-alcohols have been found in both Arabic and Robusta coffees, including cafestol, kahweol, and 16-O-methylcafestol.126 The characteristic differences can be used to quantify the Robusta content of commercial blends with Arabica.127... 

Frega, N., Bocci, F., Lercker, G., Determination of Robusta in commercial blends with Arabica coffee, Ind. Aliment. (Pinerolo, Italy), 34(339), 705, 1995. (CA123 337687u)... 

Besides the thermodynamic properties, viscosity effects also played an important role, as in all commercial blends prepared by a melt process [196]. 

The GC analysis of silylated derivatives of ethoxylated amines and fatty acid diethanolamides, among other non-ionic surfactants, has been described for many years and reviewed recently [43]. However, most of the determinations deal with the use of old packed columns for the characterisation of commercial blends and there are no applications of GC to their study in the environment. 

Fig. 2.8.8. APCI-MS and HPLC-APCI-MS of a PEMS and PEG. (a) APCI-FIA-MS(+) overview spectrum of a commercial blend of PEMS showing the precursor PEGs (starting at m/z 300,... A m/z 44 u) from chemical synthesis (b) Averaged APCI-LC-MS(+) mass spectrum of PEMS (RT 10.0-13.5 min) from the chromatogram shown in (c) (c) APCI-LC-MS(+) chromatogram of a commercial blend of PEMS acquired in total ion current (TIC) mode (d)-(g) selected mass traces of [M + NH4P ions of PEMS (m/z 516, 560, 604 and 648) and PEG homologues (m/z 520, 564, 608 and 652) (h) APCI-LC-MS(+) chromatogram of PEG in TIC mode [41].

A commercial blend of this FADA derivative was examined by MS-MS. The application ofESI-FIA-MS(+)tothis very pure blend resulted in a single [M + H]+ ion at m/z 370. Then ESI-FIA-MS-MS(+) was performed and the diethanolamide derivative of this unsaturated fatty acid showed a comparable behaviour to that observed with saturated diethanolamides [16], i.e. fragments with m/z 88, 106, 352 and (370-61 = 309) as shown in the CID spectrum in Fig. 2.9.33 were generated, which can then be explained as presented in the inset [24]. 

The behaviour of AEC under API-MS conditions in both positive and negative ionisation modes was the same as that observed with AES. Under APCI and ESI-FIA-MS(-), ionisation spectra of this commercial blend of AEC contained the deprotonated molecular [M - H] ions as presented in the overview spectrum in Fig. 2.11.12. The signals observed represent the equally spaced ions of the C8Hi7-0-(CH2-CH2-0)n-CH2-C00 homologues (re = 5-17 mlz 407-891, equally spaced by Am/z 44) [61]. The same mixture ionised in the positive APCI mode, however, contained a more complex pattern of signals consisting... 

For identification of AEC, two different strategies for substance-specific identification are amenable in API-FIA-MS-MS [22]. The application of CID in the positive mode led to a destructive ionisation that resulted in the loss of C02, as also observed with other anionic AE derivatives. Under these conditions, the precursor parent ions from a commercial blend subjected to API-CID(+) resulted in a characteristic pattern of product ions containing alkyl as well as ethoxy fragments (m/z 57, 71 and 113 or 89, 133 and 177) slightly different from MS-MS(+) spectra observed with conventional AE compounds. Nevertheless, the presence of AE compounds was imagined because of decarboxylation of AEC. Therefore, the analysis of the mixture of AECs was performed in the ESI-LC-MS-MS mode because of interferences of AE in FIA mode. The ESI-LC-MS-MS(+) spectrum of the decarboxylated parent ion at m/z 558 ([C8H17-0-(CH2-CH2-0)9-CH2-H NH4]+) as also observed... 

Determination of two esterquats used as substitution products of DTDMAC, such as diethylester dimethylammonium chloride (DEED-MAC) and diesterquaternary (DEQ) (Fig. 4.2.8) in sewage water samples was carried out by the same ion-pair extraction procedure for the analysis of DTDMAC reported elsewhere [103,111] followed by microbore HPLC-ESI-MS analysis [116] and quantification employing commercial blends. 

Fig. 4.3.3. ESI mass spectra of (A) a commercial blend Findet 9Q/22 (NPEO with an average of 10 EO units) (B) sewage treatment plant influent and (C) sewage treatment plant effluent. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [17]e 2001 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

Figure 8.16 Analysis of selected areas of the best laboratory blend (Tablet E) and the commercial blend (tablet F). (a) Truncated PLS score imaged for the API component (depicted as white) from the central region of the tablets showing that on a local scale, the blending in both samples is uniform and (b) histograms and resulting %SD of the distribution from the truncated images. Note that both examples display nearly normal distributions.

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