Coherence change

In conclusion, returning to autopoiesis, each living system is a complex of circular interachons with its own environment, and this ensemble can be viewed as a continuous flow of mutual and coherent changes that have the aim of maintaining the equilibrium of self-idenhty. It seems clear from these considerations that for... 

If pulse shaping devices and linear amplifiers are available, then rapid, phase-coherent changes of the rf amplitude can be conveniently implemented. In this case, the Hartmann-Hahn mismatch that is created by the additional pulse can be further reduced by increasing the rf amplitude of the additional pulse (see Fig. 24D and D ). The offset dependence of the coherence-transfer efficiency of a boosted MLEV-17 sequence (MLEV-17b) with I f = 10 kHz and v = 20 kHz is shown in Fig. 24D. 

The interference terms (and therefore also the hydrogen anomalies discussed above) appear only as long as coherence is maintained in the neutron-proton interaction. Here, it should be noted that Zsc is an average scattering time in a set of events. The probability for each individual event (which happens within the nuclear time 10 s) goes as P(f) = P(f = 0)e " with Zsc determined by Eq. (22.1). However, with an external decoherence rate I/Tcoh, the probability for a preserved coherence changes to... 

A much better way would be to use phase contrast, rather than attenuation contrast, since the phase change, due to changes in index of refraction, can be up to 1000 times larger than the change in amplitude. However, phase contrast techniques require the disposal of monochromatic X-ray sources, such as synchrotrons, combined with special optics, such as double crystal monochromatics and interferometers [2]. Recently [3] it has been shown that one can also obtain phase contrast by using a polychromatic X-ray source provided the source size and detector resolution are small enough to maintain sufficient spatial coherence. 

Al.6.101) are precisely equivalent to these derivatives the rate of change of a population is proportional to the instantaneous coherence, a relationship which can be observed already in the vector precession model of the two-level system ( section Al.6.2.3). 

Champion P M, Rosea F, Chang W, Kumar A, Christian J and Demidov A 1998 Femtosecond coherence spectroscopy of heme proteins XVith int. Conf on Raman Spectroscopy ed A M Heyns (New York Wley) pp 73-6... 

A H(detected)- C shift correlation spectrum (conmion acronym HMQC, for heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence, but sometimes also called COSY) is a rapid way to assign peaks from protonated carbons, once the hydrogen peaks are identified. With changes in pulse timings, this can also become the HMBC (l eteronuclear multiple bond coimectivity) experiment, where the correlations are made via the... 

Hayashi M, Yang T-S, Yu J, Mebel A, Chang R, Lin S H, Rubtsov I V and Yoshihara K 1998 Vibronic and vibrational coherence and relaxation dynamics in the TCNE-HMB complex J. Phys. Chem. A 102 4256-65... 

Chang T-C and DIott D D 1988 Picosecond vibrational cooling in mixed molecular crystals studied with a new coherent Raman scattering technique Chem. Phys. Lett. 147 18-24... 

The time period A/ia which the light wave undergoes random changes is called the coherence time. It is related to the Hnewidth Av of the laser by the equation... 

Applying a r-f voltage of frequency CO to the transmitterplates in the cell increases the orbital radius of the ions without changing CO, and after a few rotations the ions move together coherently and can be detected. The detection process is relatively inefficient, however, because between 10 and 100 ions are needed to produce a detectible signal. In contrast an electron multiplier can detect single ions. 

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