Fetotoxicity cocaine

It is not clearly understood to what extent cocaine and/or its metabolites contribute to fetotoxicity. However, the end result appears to be a reduction in uterine blood flow, possibly via blockade of neuronal amine reuptake (see CNS section for more details). Cocaine may also decrease placental transport of amino acids. 

Fetotoxicity Brainstem dysgenesis has been reported in an infant who was exposed to cocaine prenatally [19. ... 

Fetotoxicity Perinatal atrial flutter was described in a neonate of 36 weeks of gestational age, whose mother had taken a medication containing hydrocodone and cocaine during pregnancy [96 ]. 

Fetotoxicity Cocaine exposure in utero may have a direct effect on autonomic nervous system regulation, cardiac control mechanisms, and cardiovascular functioning in neonates [33 ]. In 21 prenatally cocaine-exposed infants and 23 non-exposed controls, studied within 120 hours of birth, there was a positive interaction between prenatal cocaine exposure and orthostatic stress. Whereas both exposed and non-exposed infants had increased heart rates and heart rate variability, the responses of the exposed... 

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