Coatings Watts nickel

Deposits from Watts-type solutions Most coatings of nickel for engineering applications are electro deposited from a Watts-type bath Typical mechanical properties of deposits from Watts and sulphamate solutions are compared with those of wrought nickel in Table 13.15. 

Change in free corrosion potentiai (FCP) of ED Ni-SiC nanostructured coatings in 0.5 M (conditions Watts nickel bath average diameter... 

When PMMA was adsorbed onto an iron substrate, four components were not sufficient to explain the C(ls) spectrum (see Fig. 21b) and a fifth component had to be added at 288.1 eV as shown in Fig. 21c. This component was attributed to carboxyl groups, indicating that the ester groups were partially hydrolyzed. Similarly, Leadley and Watts found that there were five components in the C(ls) spectrum of PMMA spin-coated onto aluminum, copper, and nickel substrates 124]. 

Watts bath — The Watts bath is the classical electrolyte for the -> electrodeposition of functional nickel coatings. It contains nickel sulfate (240-450 gL-1 of the hexahy-drate), nickel chloride (45-90 gL-1 of the hexahydrate), and boric acid (30-50 g L-1) and is usually operated between pH 2 and 4.5 and at 40-70 °C. The chloride content of the bath is crucial to ensure the dissolution of the nickel anode. In combination with - leveling agents and brighteners the Watts bath is also used for decorative nickel coatings. Its applicability for -> electroforming is limited due to tensile stresses in the deposits. 

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