Coagulation hetero

Cationic PNIPAM-covered magnetic particles Hetero coagulation of iron oxide nanoparticles onto cationic particles. Encapsulation of preformed particles by polymerization of NIPAM, BAM and AEMH 300-1000 nm Superparamag-netic, bioreactive particles. Temperature, salinity and pH sensitive [10,18,19]... 

Cho, Y., et al. (1998). Mobility and size-distribution analyses of hetero-coagulated structures of colloidally mixed muUite precursor suspensions and their sinterahihty. J. Ceramic Soc. Japan. 106, 1230, 189-193. 

The variety of charges leads to all kinds of hetero-interactions between the particles, with direct consequences for soil structure. Colloidally speaking, soils should be In the coagulated state, so that a rather open structure is formed, allowing transport of oxygen and nutrients. Of direct relevance to the present theme is the adsorption of ions and organic molecules on the variety of surfaces offered. Let us briefly consider this. 

Hetero-coagulation This mechanism involves adsorption of oppositely charged particles, e.g., complexes of resin acids and aluminum sulfate, on the surfaces of fibers and filler particles. Hetero-coagulation is sensitive to soluble anionic wood polymers and electrolytes, with which cationic sizing particles, preferentially interact. 

At first, the packing material functions as the adsorption filter and hetero-coagulator. But as the biofouling grows on the filter grains, the sand filter functions as biofilter that combines the functions of bio-precipitator and bio-catalytic reactor. 

Filtration of suspended particles in the space of the granular filter under gravitational settling, hetero-coagulation and adsorption of organic substances by activated granular carbon. 

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