CoA-Independent dha Operon

NADH-HOR is thought to be expressed under stress or toxic conditions triggered by the accumulation of 3-HPA. 

The coenzyme GDHt forms a dimer in a heterotrimer consist- 

It has been suggested that 17 ALDH isozymes can be found in E coli, and the AldH isoenzyme showed the highest activity among the tested isozymes (AldA, AldB, AldH, YdcW), with high specificity toward Cj and Cj aldehydes. When their activities toward different aldehydes were examined, it was found that AldH showed preference for 3-HPA over isovaleraldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyralde-hyde, and valeraldehyde. Cofactor preference showed that it mainly utilizes NAD rather than NADP . Furthermore, heavy metals such as Hg- and Ag and other metal ions such as K, Na, Cu, and Zn have a negative effect on its activity. Maximum activity of the AldH was observed at 37 C and pH 8.0 [48]. 

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