Clostridium perfringens toxin production

Simpson LL, Stiles BG, Zepeda H etal. (1989) Production by Clostridium spiroforme of an iotalike toxin that possesses mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase activity Identification of a novel class of ADP- ribosyltransferases. In Infect. Immun. 57 255-61 Stiles BG, Wilkens TD (1986) Purification and characterization of Clostridium perfringens iota toxin dependence on two nonlinked proteins for biological activity. In Infect. Immun. 54 683-8... 

Clostridium perfringens (type A) 6-24 Meats, poultry Fall, winter, spring Toxin production (in vivo) 24 h Supportive... 

Hsieh, H.V., Stewart, B., Hauer, P., Haaland, P., and Campbell, R. (1998) Measurement of Clostridium perfringens (3 toxin production by surface plasmon resonance immuno assay. Vaccine, 16, 997 1003. 

Heat treatment is used to kill non-sporing bacteria and most yeasts and moulds. Although most or all spore-forming bacteria will be killed, spores will remain, as they are much more heat-resistant. Spores of the pathogenic Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens will survive. C. perfringens is effectively controlled by refrigeration, but C. botulinum must be controlled as it causes the potentially fatal disease, botulism, if sufficient toxin is allowed to develop in the product and is then consumed (Table 6.1). Bacillus spp. are probably not a serious threat as they are aerobic (Leadbetter, 1989). 

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