Closed isothermal systems

Usually when closed, isothermal systems (N,V,T) are studied, the canonical distribution function is chosen ... 

Up to this point and in the following sections and as long as the contrary is not specified, all the discussion will refer to the study of closed, isothermal systems (N,V,T). Though in the applications of Monte Carlo method to the study of solutions... 

OSCILLATIONS IN A CLOSED ISOTHERMAL SYSTEM MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS... 

Chemical Reactions and Equilibria in Closed, Isothermal Systems... 

If no work is performed by a closed, isothermal system other than that associated with the change in volume, then... 

Closed isothermal systems 1.3.1 Helmholtz free energy... 

In Section 1.3.2 we saw that the Gibbs formula for entropy applies equally well to an isolated system as to a closed isothermal system. To determine whether or not this formula applies to NPT systems as well, we can substitute the NPT probability law of Equation (1.18) into Equation (1.15) ... 

The principal assumptions are that the reaction occurs in a closed, isothermal system, that the reaction indeed admits a description in terms of a finite number of mechanistic steps, and that the laws of mass and charge conservation are valid. 

Consider a system made up of a fixed number of particles N enclosed in a motionless container of fixed volume F. The temperature of the system is maintained at the temperature T by keeping the system in thermal contact with a large heat bath at the temperature T with which it is able to exchange energy. Such a system is called a closed, isothermal system. The macroscopic state of this system is called the canonical ensemble. 

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