Claude system

Figure 6.38 is the Claude gas liquefaction system, a modification of the Hampson-Linde gas liquefaction system. The Claude system has a turbine in the expansion process to replace a part of the highly irreversible throttling process of the Hampson-Linde system. From state 1 to state 10, the Claude system processes are the same as those of the Hampson-Linde system. After the gas is cooled to state by the regenerative cooler (heat... 

The Claude cycle may be used without modification to liquefy hydrogen or neon, since this system does not primarily depend on the expansion valve to produce low temperatures. However, by using a liquid nitrogen precooling bath with the Claude system (see Fig. 4.13), a figure of merit 50-70% higher than that for the precooled Linde system may be obtained. 

If the expander work is utilized in the compression process, the net work required per unit mass compressed for the Claude system is... 

The concept of OTEC was first envisioned by the French physicist Jacques-Arsene d Arsonval, in 1881. The first working OTEC system was built in Cuba in 1930, by the physicist Georges Claude, who also invented the neon lamp. 

Liquid Interfacial Systems Oscillations and Instability, Rudoiph V. Birikh, Vladimir A. Briskman, Manuei G. Veiarde, and Jean-Claude Legros... 

Figure 8. ° Pb7 Pb vs. Th/Us (derived using Eqn. 5 in the text) diagram for mid-ocean ridge and ocean island basalt based on a recent data set with mostly mass spectrometry measurements (Turner et al. 1997 Bourdon et al. 1996 Dosso et al. 1999 Claude-lvanaj et al. 1998, 2001 Sims et al. 2002). The data show a relatively well defined array that intersect a closed-system hne for the bulk Earth starting with an initial lead isotope composition equal to Canyon Diablo (T = 4.55 Ga). This intersect was used by Allegre et al. (1986) to define the Th/U ratio of the Earth.

Claude Debru My point is not a comment on reductionism, but a comment on the movement of the planets. We know since Poincare that the movement of the planets is chaotic, which means that it would be predictable if we would have the knowledge of the initial conditions of the system. But in the ignorance of this data of the initial conditions, it remains unpredictable. So I think this qualifies some ideas, perhaps. I don t know how it fits into the framework about reductionism - because you mentioned the movement of the planets. 

---