Circular measure

Bogen-lampe, /. arc lamp, -lampenkohle, /. arc carbon, -licht, n. arc light, -linie, /. curved line, -mass, n. circular measure, -rohr, n., -rBhre, /. bent or curved pipe or tube, -schweisaung, /. arc welding, -skala, /. curved scale, -spektrum, n. arc spectrum. Stiic n. curved piece (Brewing) return bend,... 

Linear and circular measurements that define gears and are used in their specification and design are center distance, offset, pitch diameter, diametric pitch, axial pitch, base pitch, and axial base pitch, lead, and backlash. 

For a unit cube hc Q (for a small angle the tangent is equal to the angle in circular measure, 42.1), hence ... 

This is called the circular measure of an angle and, for this reason, trigonometrical functions are sometimes called circular functions. This property is possessed by no plane curve other than the circle. For instance, the hyperbola, though symmetrically placed with respect to its centre, is not at all points equidistant from it. The same thing is true of the ellipse. The parabola has no centre. 

It must be clearly understood that although an angle is always measured in the degree-minute-second system, the numerical equivalent -in radian or circular measure is employed in the calculations, unless special provision has been made for the direct introduction of degrees. This was done in example (6), page 544 (q.v.). Suppose that we have occasion to employ the approximation formula... 

Using a combination of linear and circular measurements, the direction and magnitude of the principle stress difference can be determined and the full 2D stress tensor can be reconstructed. However, in granular applications, the internal stress distribution of each particle is less important than the forces between particles. Section 2.4.3 explores techniques to extract forces directly from photoelastic images. 

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