Chlorine fluoride, dissociation

The last example represents a fairly rare elimination of hydrogen fluoride in preference to hydrogen chloride, a reaction that deserves a more detailed discussion A comparison of bond dissociation energies of carbon-halogen bonds shows that the carbon-fluorine bond is much stronger than the carbon-chlorine, carbon-bromine, and carbon-iodme bonds 108-116, 83 5, 70, and 56 kcal/mol, respec-... 

The intermediate II is assumed to dissociate and release chlorine anion, leaving cation III that rearranges prior to its combination with the fluoride anion present in the reaction mixture (IV and V) [7], Similar reactions are involved in the conversion of l,l-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,2,2,2-tetrachloroethane. 

Sulfuryl fluoride is not especially reactive, whereas sulfuryl chloride is extensively used in industry. It readily dissociates into SO2 and chlorine, and is widely used for chlorination (particularly selective side-chain chlorination of aromatics) and sulfochlorination (introduction of SO2CI) in organic chemical manufacture for dyes, disinfectants, herbicides, and so on. 

Ellingham diagrams are available for many types of reaction, such as the formation of carbides, nitrides, oxides, sulphides, chlorides and fluorides [7], and the dissociation of sulphates and carbonates [8], Figure 10.3 shows a simplified Ellingham diagram for chlorides, based on one mole of chlorine, Cl2. It is impressive not only that chlorination reactions may be studied, but that information from two or more diagrams may be combined together. 

Carbon monoxide, when passed over a heated catalyst, such as iron oxide, dissociates to form carbon dioxide and an activated carbon.54,55 Mercury and other metals react with organic halides to produce metallic halides and carbon.56 Stratton and Winkler57 describe a method in which hydrocarbons are burned in chlorine the carbon produced is activated by heating to 1,000° C for an hour. Simons and McArthur58 observed that activated carbon is formed by the action of oxygen on aromatic, alicyclic, and aliphatic compounds dissolved in liquid hydrogen fluoride. 

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