Chemistry and lifetime of trail pheromones

Compared to alarm pheromones, very few trail pheromones have been characterized chemically this reflects the extremely low levels of compound present in the trail secretions of most species investigated. The confirmed structures are shown in Fig. 15.10. In many cases only a single compound has been identified, usually one which stimulates both recruitment and orientation. These compounds are normally stored and applied in highly dilute aqueous solution, and 

Males follow recruihmeni- hrail afher fligh  

Alarm pheromones mehhyl sulphides from poison gland, undecane and I ridecane from Dufour s gland used in defence 

Repelled and killed by terpenoid secretions of Trinervitermes soldiers 

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