Chemicals cogeneration

Wagner was first to propose the use of solid electrolytes to measure in situ the thermodynamic activity of oxygen on metal catalysts.17 This led to the technique of solid electrolyte potentiometry.18 Huggins, Mason and Giir were the first to use solid electrolyte cells to carry out electrocatalytic reactions such as NO decomposition.19,20 The use of solid electrolyte cells for chemical cogeneration , that is, for the simultaneous production of electrical power and industrial chemicals, was first demonstrated in 1980.21 The first non-Faradaic enhancement in heterogeneous catalysis was reported in 1981 for the case of ethylene epoxidation on Ag electrodes,2 3 but it was only... 

Figure 3.-/. Operating principle of a solid oxide fuel cell (a) and of a chemical cogenerator (b).41 Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society.

In recent years it was shown that solid electrolyte fuel cells with appropriate electrocatalytic anodes can be used for chemical cogeneration i.e. for the simultaneous production of electrical power and useful chemicals. 

Table 3.1. Electrocatalytic reactions investigated in doped Zr02 solid electrolyte fuel cells for chemical cogeneration ...

Aside from chemical cogeneration studies, where the electrocatalytic anodic and cathodic reactions are driven by the voltage spontaneously... 

C.G. Vayenas, S. Bebelis, and C. Kyriazis, Solid Electrolytes and Catalysis. Part 1 Chemical Cogeneration, Chemtechll, 422-428 (1991). 

I.V. Yentekakis, and C.G. Vayenas, Chemical Cogeneration in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells The Oxidation ofH2Sto S02,/. Electrochem. Soc. 136, 996-1002 (1989). 

The fields of applications range from metallurgy to the semiconductor industry, to medicine, the petrochemical industry, electricity production, chemical cogeneration (i.e., the simultaneous production of electricity, heat, and chemicals), atmospheric control within the laboratory, and so on. However, virtually no large-scale industrial applications have yet been reported, and for a variety of reasons, including ... 

A simple rule that has emerged from chemical cogeneration studies is that suitable electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic (i.e., net charge-transfer) anodic reaction can be chosen on the basis of proven catalysts for the corresponding catalytic reaction (e.g., Pt-Rh for NH3 oxidation to NO, Ag for CH3OH oxidation to H2CO, etc.). 

In addition to chemical cogeneration studies, where the anodic and cathodic reactions are driven spontaneously by the cell generated voltage, several other electrocatalytic reactions have been investigated in solid electrolyte cells via external voltage application. These include the dissociation of H2O and NO, the hydrogeneration of CO, and the partial oxidation of CH4 as reviewed elsewhere. ... 

Garagounis, I., Kyriakou, V., Anagnostou, C., Bourganis, V., Papachristou, I., Stoukides, M. (2011). Sohd electrolytes apphcations in heterogeneous catalysis and chemical cogeneration. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 50(2), 431—472. 

Iwahara, H. (1998) A one-chamber solid electrolyte fuel cell for chemical cogeneration. Ionics, 4 (5), 409—414. 

Chemical cogeneration is possible in produeing eleetrieity and chemical compormds when appropriate eleetroeatalytie anodes are used. 

In recent years it has been shown that solid electrolyte fuel cells with appropriate electrocatalytic anodes can be used not only for power generation via oxidation of Hj and CH4, but also for chemical cogeneration , i.e., for the simultaneous production of power and useful chemicals. This mode of operation, first demonstrated for the case of NHj oxidation to combines the concepts of a fuel cell and of a chemical reactor (Figure 13.5). The... 

Electrocatalytic Reactions Investigated in Doped ZrO Solid Electrolyte Fuel Cells for Chemical Cogeneration... 

Another reaction which is of considerable interest from the view point of chemical cogeneration is the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to Q hydrocarbons ethane and ethylene ... 

Nevertheless, this system is quite interesting from a technological point of view. As recently shown, Ag and Ag-Sm203 anodes operating with pure CH4 (no oxygen addition, chemical cogeneration mode) lead to... 

The concept of using an SOFC as an electrocatalytic reactor for chemical cogeneration has attracted much interest [72,73], offering the possibility of... 

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