Chemically synthesized manganese dioxide

Toupin M., Brousse T., Belanger D. Influence of microtexture on the charge storage properties of chemically synthesized manganese dioxide, Chem Mater 2002 14 3946-52. 

Toupin M., Brousse T., Belanger D. Influence of microtexture on the charge storage properties of chemically synthesized manganese dioxide, Chem Mater 2002 14 3946-52. Wu N.L. Nanocrystalline oxide supercapacitors. Mater Chem Phys 2002 75 6-11. Frackowiak E., Metenier K., Bertagna V., Beguin F. Supercapacitor electrodes from multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 2000 77 2421-3. 

Trivedi et al [260] have fabricated a dry cell using polyaniline. The system is very simple and replaced manganese dioxide from a dry cell (Leclanche) by chemically synthesized polyaniline. The configuration of the battery is Zn/solid polymer electrolyte/polyani-line. This battery uses a solid polymer electrolyte composed of methoxy cellulose and polyvinyl sulphate with a cellulose sheet as a separator (Figure 12.23). 

Norreticuline has also been synthesized by employing the Bischler-Napieralski reaction [B-HCl, mp 165°-166°J 110). The versatility of reticuline as a chemical intermediate in the production of other alkaloid structures is apparent from its controlled oxidation. When the racemic form was oxidized with manganese dioxide the dienone LIX, which is the racemic form of the alkaloid salutaridine is produced 111). The same results are obtained when the oxidation is carried out with potassium ferricyanide in aqueous solution containing sodium carbonate (— )-reticuline affords the natural ()-salutaridine (7). If the same oxidation agent is used at — 10° in ammonium acetate solution, ( + )-isoboldine (LX) is formed from racemic reticuline (112). 

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