Chemical synthesis, supercritical

RG. Jessop and W. Leitner, Chemical Synthesis Using Supercritical Fluids , Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999. 

Supercritical water (SCW) presents a unique combination of aqueous and non-aqueous character, thus being able to replace an organic solvent in certain kinds of chemical synthesis. In order to allow for a better understanding of the particular properties of SCW and of its influence on the rate of chemical reactions, molecular dynamics computer simulations were used to determine the free energy of the SN2 substitution reaction of Cl- and CH3C1 in SCW as a function of the reaction coordinate [216]. The free energy surface of this reaction was compared with that for the gas-phase and ambient water (AW) [248], In the gas phase, an ion-dipole complex and a symmetric transition... 

A large scale supercritical reactor for chemical synthesis has recently been built in the UK and it seems likely that more synthetic processes using CO2 as a solvent will appear in the near future [35],... 

Supercritical fluids (e.g. supercritical carbon dioxide, scCCb) are regarded as benign alternatives to organic solvents and there are many examples of their use in chemical synthesis, but usually under homogeneous conditions without the need for other solvents. However, SCCO2 has been combined with ionic liquids for the hydroformylation of 1-octene [16]. Since ionic liquids have no vapour pressure and are essentially insoluble in SCCO2, the product can be extracted from the reaction using CO2 virtually uncontaminated by the rhodium catalyst. This process is not a true biphasic process, as the reaction is carried out in the ionic liquid and the supercritical phase is only added once reaction is complete. 

JESSOP, P. G. andLEITNER, W. (eds) Chemical Synthesis using supercritical fluids (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 1999)... 

Jessop PG, Leitner W (eds) (1999) Chemical synthesis using supercritical fluids. Wiley, Weiuheim... 

P. G. Jessop, W. Leitner, eds.. Chemical Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids, Wiley-VCH, New York, 1999... 

K. Woelk, S. Gaemers, C. J. Elsevier, in Chemical Synthesis Using Supercritical Fluids, Eds. P. G. Jessop,... 

Supercritical Fluids as Solvents for Chemical Synthesis and Processes... 

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Substitute Solvent for Chemical Synthesis and Catalysis... 

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