Chemical mixing

Nitrogen solutions consist of fertilizer product combinations, eg, ammonium nitrate —ammonia, urea—ammonium nitrate—ammonia, urea—ammonium nitrate, and urea—ammonia solutions. Mixed fertilizers cover a broad range and can be loosely defined as fertilizers which contain chemically mixed nitrogen, phosphoms, and potassium (N—P—K). Examples are ammonium phosphate—potash mixtures and ammonium phosphate nitrates. 

Deposits containing carbonate can be protective. The carbonate buffers acidity caused by the segregation of potentially acidic anions in and beneath deposits. However, deposits are rarely composed of only a single chemical mixed deposits are the rule. Deposit morphology also influences attack. Hence, although sometimes carbonate deposits are beneficial, they may also be deleterious. 

Am POLLUTION FROM AGRO-INDUSTRY CHEMICALS Mixed Fertilizer Plants... 

To show how a JHA form is prepared, a sample worksheet for cleaning the inside of a chemical mix tank is provided in Appendix D. Both safety and health hazards are noted, as well as recommendations for safer methods. 

Baird is the 20-acre site of a former chemical mixing and batching company. Poor waste disposal practices resulted in the contamination of groundwater, soil, the municipal water supply, and a brook adjacent to the site. Over one hundred contaminants, including chlorinated and nonchlorinated volatile organics, heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, and dioxins, had been identified in site soil and groundwater. Remediation activities included soil excavation and incineration, and groundwater treatment (the audit focused on the soil excavation and incineration... 

Determine the land area required to conduct the test. If research equipment such as a mist blower or back-pack sprayer is to be used, 1 ha per trial should be sufficient. If commercial equipment such as an airplane or helicopter is to be used, 5 ha per trial for a helicopter and 15 ha per trial for an airplane may be needed. This will vary depending on the type of equipment available the Principal Investigator or contact in the area of the trial should provide this information. Remember, also, that chemical mixing systems at commercial applicator s facilities may require more test product for adequate mixing. 

Bristol, Pennsylvania, USA, Chemical Plant, Explosion/Fire Uncontrolled reaction in chemical mixing... 

Graves J. (1977). Chemical mixing in multicomponent solutions. In Thermodynamics in Geology, D. E. Eraser, ed. Reidel, Dordrecht-Holland. 

Slurry Diluting or blending chemical Mix ratio by volume abrasive to part B... 

In this chapter a process is described that can alleviate some of the difficulties described above. The technique is based on chemical reactions in aerosols (6). Specifically, droplets of a reactant flowing in an inert carrier gas are contacted with the vapor of a coreactant, resulting—as a rule—in spherical solid particles. If the latter are internally chemically mixed, their composition is determined by the contents of the reactants in the original droplets, since each of the latter acts as a separate reaction container. ... 

Solubility in Water — The value represents the pounds of a chemical that will dissolve in 100 pounds of pure water. Solubility usually increases when the temperature increases. The following tenns are used when numerical data are either unavailable or not applicable The term "Miscible" means that the chemical mixes with water in all proportions. The term "Reacts" means that the substance reacts chemically with water thus, its solubility has no real meaning. "Insoluble" usually means that one pound of the chemical does not dissolve entirely in 100 pounds of water. (Weak solutions of "Insoluble" materials may still be hazardous to humans, fish, and waterfowl, however.)... 

CHEMICAt FIRE EXTINGUISHERS CONTAIN SOLUTION OF BAKING SODA AND A BOTTLE OF SULFURIC ACID. WHEN TURNED UPSIDE DOWN. THE CHEMICALS MIX AND FORM CARBON DIOXIDE WHICH FORCES OUT THE WATER. 

There is a growing trend for many operators not to have any direct involvement with their cooling system chemical dosing equipment (with regard to the addition of chemical, mixing and chemical dilutions, pump adjustments, and possibly even periodic equipment inspections and maintenance). The equipment may also not be owned by the customer. Rather, the water treatment service companies may lease the equipment to the customer, or provide free-on-loan equipment, together with all chemical dosing and control functions, as part of their services to the facility. 

Wastes have been classified for decades for a variety of purposes. This Section discusses the historical development of classification systems for radioactive and hazardous chemical wastes and the resulting classification systems in use at the present time. The relationship between waste classification and requirements for disposal of different classes of hazardous waste is emphasized. The framework for this discussion is the top-level system for waste classification in the United States shown in Figure 4.1. Within this framework, it is first determined whether a waste is nonhazardous (e.g., municipal waste) these wastes are not addressed in this Report. If a waste is deemed hazardous, it is so classified due to the presence of radionuclides or hazardous chemicals. Mixed radioactive and hazardous chemical waste is not a separate class of waste. However, mixed waste has been an important concern as a result of differences in requirements for management and disposal of radioactive and hazardous chemical wastes. Section 4.1 addresses classification and disposal of radioactive waste, and is followed by discussions of classification and disposal of hazardous chemical waste in Section 4.2 and approaches to management of mixed radioactive and hazardous chemical waste in Section 4.3. Finally, Section 4.4 summarizes previous NCRP recommendations relevant to waste classification. 

But even if the herbicide is nontoxic, I have read that there is a chemical mixed with the herbicide that can harm fish, Anne responds. 

In time the Brady Co. wanted to buy Dylux solutions and coat them on an adhesive-backed film. They had designed a small optical printer, which involved different fonts and logos produced by a photographic technique, through which one would expose the photosensitive-coated material with a flash of light. We sent them some samples, but warned Brady that the decision to sell such materials had not been made. DuPont was reluctant to sell the chemical mix to anyone for fear that they would compete with us and make their own, competitive, proof paper. 

Sewers can be long tubular reactors as well as conduits to carry troubles from place to place. They can receive all kinds of fluids. If you work in an older large chemical plant that handles a variety of chemicals, ask around about previous problems. You may learn how some combination of unlikely fluids, such as equipment cleaning chemicals mixed with one of the raw materials or scrubber effluents, has resulted in some sort of upset. 

J. Grover, Chemical mixing in multicomponent solutions. An introduction to the use of Margules and other thermodynamics excess functions to represent nonideal behavior, pp. 67-97 in Thermodynamics in Geology, ed. by D. G. Fraser, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1977. It follows from Eqs. 5.17 and 5.19 that, in general, In fA = Xjat and In fBA = Xjbj. Equation 5.20a is a special case of this relation for a third-order Margules expansion. 

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