Chemical Equilibrium in Real-gas Reactions

In this section, the general theory of chemical equilibrium is applied to a closed, homogeneous system comprising a real-gas mixture of r components. The approximations inherent in the law of mass action are also indicated. 

The chemical potential of component / in a real-gas mixture is given by Eq. (7-155) in the form 

The integral in Eq. (8-64) is along a path of constant temperature and composition its evaluation requires a knowledge of the equation of state of the gas mixture for arbitrary composition. 

Substitution of Eq. (8-62) into the general criterion for chemical equilibrium of a homogeneous closed system [Eq. (8-10)] results in 

Equation (8-68) can be used to determine the equilibrium composition of the system as a function of T and p. However, since the fugacities 

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