Chemical Bonding and Lattice Energy

This is a highly simplified picture of the effects of chemical bonding on photoelectron spectra. There are a variety of other factors that affect the binding energy of the electron and the kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectron for example, relaxation effects, stereochemistry, crystal structure, and lattice energy, to name a few. The electron senses the total of all these effects their proportionate contributions are very difficult to assign. 

It is more sensible to consider all of the electrically based interactions that hold together molecules, lattices and complexes such as adducts and solvated species as forms of chemical bonding, and make it clear that some bonds are much stronger than others, and so much more energy has to be transferred to disrupt the stronger bonds. 

It was found in later work that it is precisely the idea of ionic hydration that is able to explain the physical nature of electrolytic dissociation. The energy of interaction between the solvent molecules and the ions that are formed is high enough to break up the lattices of ionophors or the chemical bonds in ionogens (for more details, see Section 7.2). The significance of ionic hydration for the dissociation of electrolytes had first been pointed out by Ivan A. Kablukov in 1891. 

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