Charging-Load Impact on the Utility Gridlines

On the basis of the rechargeable batteries installed in EVs and HEVs, the electrical load effects on the home and the local transformer will be quite different. As far as battery ratings are concerned, an all-electric small sedan will have a battery rating between 22 and 25 kWh. Conversely, both the Ford Fusion HEV and Nissan LEAF HEV use a 24 kWh battery. As far as electric consumption is concerned, because of climatic variation, the daily use of energy consumed in the charging battery at home could differ from 30 kWh/day in Arizona to 20 kWh/day in the Detroit area. EV charging levels, types of batteries involved, and the charging expenses for different EVs and HEVs are summarized in Table 4.7. 

Vehicle Type Charging Level or Voltage (V) Phase Charging Current (A) and Energy (kWh) Charging Time (h) Typical Charging Expense (US )  

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