Charge carrier hopping

A more comprehensive theoretical treatment has been developed by Coehoorn et al. [98] in which the various approaches for charge carrier hopping in random organic systems have been compared. In subsequent work, Coehoorn [99] used two... 

Fig. 21 A schematic view of the hierarchy of charge carrier hopping in a network of disordered conjugated polymer chains. 1 depicts ultra-fast motion within an ordered segment of the chain while 2 and 3 illustrate intra-and interchain hopping processes...

Fishchuk II, Kadashchuk A, Bassler H, Abkowitz M (2004) Low-field charge-carrier hopping transport in energetically and positionally disordered organic materials. Phys Rev B 70 245212... 

Hence it is clear that an increase of the temperature of the optical phonons T activating the charge carrier hopping leads to an increase of the proton current... 

Fig. 13a Charge carrier hopping between chromophores connected to the side chain, and the effect on molecular alignment of the introduction of mesogenic groups, b Resulting energy level distribution of the chromophores. Molecular alignment should result in narrower distribution of molecular orbital energy levels...

The charge carrier hopping term via the i-th potential barrier of height AE is defined by the concentration of carriers with the significant potential energy that corresponds to AE ksT and can be written as ... 

The polyene can be transformed into a conducting form when electrons are removed from the backbone resulting in cations or added to the backbone resulting in anions. Anions and cations act as charge carriers, hopping from one site to another under the influence of an electrical... 

The electronic coupling, which reflects the strength of the interactions between adjacent chains and needs to be maximized to increase the rate of electron transfer, i.e., of charge carrier hopping in the present context, the electronic coupling is often assimilated to the transfer... 

Alternatively when a is large, the charge carrier hops from chain to chain much more rapidly than it explores a single polymer strand, so coth a 1. Hence Lc a) 1, since 1/a 0, when a is very large. In this case... 

Although the low electric field percolation model is useful in organic field effect transistors, it is not suitable for OLEDs or OPVs due to the much larger electric fields in these devices. Under an applied electric field, charge carriers hop from sites deep in the DOS to higher energy levels where the DOS is broader (see Fig. 1). The effect of the electric field is fo create a population of hot carriers above the Fermi level [18]. The aim of the effective temperature concept is to model the electric field by a nonequilibrium disfribution of elecfrons characterized by an effective temperature Teff. 

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