Chaotic transitions applications

We can expect the entropy to increase when a solid melts and its molecules become more disordered. Similarly, we can expect an even greater increase in entropy when a liquid vaporizes, because its molecules then occupy a much greater volume and their motion is highly chaotic. In this section, we develop expressions for the change in entropy at the transition temperature for the prevailing pressure. For instance, if the pressure is 1 atm, then these expressions are applicable only at the normal melting point, Tf (the f stands for fusion), the temperature at which a solid melts when the pressure is 1 atm, or the normal boiling point, Th, the temperature at which a liquid boils when the pressure is 1 atm. 

In typical molecular dynamics applications with multiple bodies and complicated force laws, the motion is assumed to be chaotic. Ergodic coverage of would then have to arise from the global properties of a chaotic system (sensitivity to initial conditions and transitivity). Liouville s equation,... 

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