Challenge studies disorder

Taken together, so far, pharmacologic challenge studies involving 5-HT have been similarly unable to establish a primary role for 5-HT in the pathophysiology in panic disorder (Charney and Drevets 2002). 

Challenge studies in anxiety disorders are highlighted by M.E. Keck and A. Strohle. The heterogeneity of agents capable of producing panic attacks... 

Barr, L.C., Goodman, W.K., Price, L. H., McDougle, C.J. and Char-ney, D.S. (1992) The serotonin hypothesis of obsessive compulsive disorder implications of pharmacologic challenge studies. / Clin Psychiatry 53(4, Suppl) 17-28. 

Barr LC, Goodman WK, Price LH, et al The serotonin hypothesis of OCD implications of pharmacologic challenge studies. J Chn Psychiatry 4 17-28s, 1992 Barr LC, Goodman WK, Price LH The serotonin hypothesis of obsessive compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 8 (suppl 2 79-82, 1993 Barr LC, Goodman WK, McDougle CJ, et al Tryptophan depletion in patients with OCD who respond to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51 309-17, 1994... 

Targnm, S.D. Differential responses to anxiogenic challenge studies in patients with major depressive disorder and panic disorder. Biol. Psvchiatrv 28, 21-34, 1990. 

Sobczak S, Honig A, van Duinen MA, Riedel WJ. Serotonergic dysfunction in bipolar disorders A literature review of serotonergic challenge studies. Bipolar Disord 2002 4 347-356. 

Lattice models for bulk mixtures have mostly been designed to describe features which are characteristic of systems with low amphiphile content. In particular, models for ternary oil/water/amphiphile systems are challenged to reproduce the reduction of the interfacial tension between water and oil in the presence of amphiphiles, and the existence of a structured disordered phase (a microemulsion) which coexists with an oil-rich and a water-rich phase. We recall that a structured phase is one in which correlation functions show oscillating behavior. Ordered lamellar phases have also been studied, but they are much more influenced by lattice artefacts here than in the case of the chain models. 

For long (infinite) /am.v-polyacclylene chains, the treatment of quantum lattice fluctuations is very complicated, because many lattice degrees of freedom couple in a non-linear way to the lowest electronic transitions. We have recently shown that for chains of up to 70 CH units, the amount of relevant lattice degrees of freedom reduces to only one or two, which makes it possible to calculate the low-energy part of the absorption spectrum in an essentially exact way [681. It remains a challenge to study models in which both disorder and the lattice quantum dynamics are considered. 

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