Cellulose electrospinning

Frey, M.W., Joo, Y., and Kim, C-W., New solvents for cellulose electrospinning and preliminary electrospinning results. Abstracts of Papers, 226th ACS National Meeting, New York, September 7 11, 2003. 

Frenot A, Henriksson MW, Walkenstrom P (2007) Electrospinning of cellulose-based nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 103(3) 1473-1482... 

Formhals attempted the electrospinning of cellulose acetate fibers in 1934 (Formhals 1934). 

Miyauchi M, Miao J, linhaidt RJ et al (2010) Conductive cable fibers with insulating surface piepmed by coaxial electrospinning of multi walled nanotubes and cellulose. Biomacromolecules 11 2440-2445... 

Nanofibres can be produced by a number of methods. They can be extracted from natural materials (e.g., cellulose or protein fibres) via physical separation and/or chemical extraction. They can also be produced by means of drawing, template synthesis, phase separation, self-assembly and electrospinning. The details are briefly described below. 

Frey, M.W., 2008. Electrospinning cellulose and cellulose derivatives. Polymer Reviews 48 (2), 378-391. 

Liu, H.Q., Hsieh, Y.L., 2002. Ultrafine fibrous cellulose membranes fiom electrospinning of cellulose acetate. Journal of Polymer Science Part B—Polymer Physics 40 (18), 2119-2129. 

Shukla, S., et al., 2005. Electrospinning of hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers and their application in synthesis of nano and submicron tin oxide fibers. Polymer 46 (26), 12130-12145. 

Frey et al. [101,102] have shown that an amine-salt solution (EDA with 56% KSCN) at 8% w/w cellulose can be converted into nanofibers (Figure 10.50) by using an electrospinning process. Interestingly, the fiber resembled cotton fibers. Thus, so far these recent, positive achievements indicate that the amine-salt process should be further developed before commercialization. 

Frey, M.W. and Song, H., Cellulose fibers formed by electrospinning from solution, Abstracts of Papers, 225th ACS National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 23-27, 2003. 

Electrospinning processes are used to prepare nanocomposite fiber mats. In order to prepare nanocomposite fiber mats, mixtures containing the polymer solution and cellulose whiskers solution are placed in the appropriated electrospinning setup. Peresin et al. [128] have produced nanocomposite mats of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals using this electrospinning technique. Smooth nonwoven mats with homogeneous nanofibers were obtained. Park et al. [129] have also incorporated cellulose whiskers into nanofibers of polyethylene oxide (PEO) by the electrospiiming process. 

Park, I., Kang, M., Kim, H.S., Jin, H.J. Electrospinning of poly(ethylene oxide) with bacterial cellulose whiskers. Macromol. Symp. 249-250, 289-294 (2007)... 

CNY is manufactured by means of electrospinning technology (Doshi and Reneker, 1995). The natural nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are produced by several species of bacteria, for example, G. xylinus. The biosynthesized long and thin elementary nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are aggregated to microfibrils forming a network filled with water. 

Vargas, N.H., 2010. Aligned Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning. University Press, Lulea. 

Electrospinning is applicable to a wide range of polymers like those used in conventional spinning, that is, polyolefine, polyamides, polyester, aramide, and acrylic, as well as biopolymers like proteins, DNA, and polypeptides, or others like electrically conducting, photonic and other polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide] (PEO], DNA, poly(acrylic acid] (PAA], polyQactic acid] (PEA], and also collagen, organics such as nylon, polyester, and acryl resin, and poly(vinyl alcohol] (PVA], polystyrene (PS], polyacrylonitrile (PAN], peptide, cellulose, etc. 

Yoon, Y.I., Moon, H.S., Lyoo, W.S., Lee, T.S. and Park, W.H. 2009. Superhydrophobicity of cellulose triacetate fibrous mats produced by electrospinning and plasma treatment Carhohvdr. Polvm. 75 246-250. 

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