Cellular operation, alternative ways

Hepatotoxins may induce apoptosis (Corcoran et al. 1994 Columbano 1995) in two fundamentally different ways (Fig. 5) (1) In vitro, substances such as valinomycin (Sun et al. 1994), colchicine (Tsukidate et al. 1993), bile salts (Zeid et al. 1997 Botla et al. 1995 Kwo et al. 1995 Patel et al. 1994 Jones et al. 1997), and okadaic acid (Boe et al. 1991) directly induce cellular alterations that finally lead to apoptosis, possibly via the activation of caspases. (2) In vivo, the same direct mechanisms may operate. Alternatively, toxins may lead to the stimulation of hepatocytes with proapoptotic cytokines and sensitize them in parallel to the action of such mediators. 

TABLE 28.5 Alternative Ways to Organize a Cellular Operation... 

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