Cavitands cavitates

An additional nuance in the nomenclature of these compounds concerns their complexes. The open-chained compounds are often referred to as podands and their complexes as podates. The cyclic ethers may also be called coronands and their complexes are therefore coronates. Complexed cryptands are cryptates. The even more complicated structures known as spherands, cavitands, or carcerands are called spherates, cavitates, or carcerates, respectively, when complexed. The combination of a macrocycle (crown ether or coro-nand) and a sidechain (podand) is typically called a lariat ether. 

Figure 1.2 Schematic illustrating the difference between a cavitate and a clathrate (a) synthesis and conversion of a cavitand into a cavitate by inclusion of a guest into the cavity of the host molecule (b) inclusion of guest molecules in cavities formed between the host molecules in the lattice resulting in conversion of a clathrand into a clathrate (c) synthesis and self-assembly of a supramolecular aggregate that does not correspond to the classical host-guest description.

Dalcanale. E. Soncini. P. Bacchilega. G. Ugozzoli. F. Selective complexation of neutral molecules in organic solvents. Host-guest complexes and cavitates between cavitands and aromatic compounds. Chem. Commun. 1989. 500-503. 

Canceill, J. Cesario. M. Collet. A. Guilhem. J. Pascard. C. A new bis-cyclotribenzyl cavitand capable of selective inclusion of neutral molecules in solution. Crystal structure of its CH2CI2 cavitate. J. Chem. Soc.. Chem. Commun. 1985. 361-363. 

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