Cations ratio range

Cationic chiral Rh2 carboxamidates show catalytic activity for the DCR between diaryl nitrones and methacrolein (Scheme 11). Cycloadducts were obtained as 3,4-endo/3,5-endo mixtures with molar ratios ranging from 13/87 to 90/10. The enantioselectivity of the 3,4 isomers is higher than that of the 3,5 adducts and increases when the steric bulk of the ligand ester group increases [36]. 

To study the influence of chemical impurities on labelhng yields of DOTATATE, a solution of °Y or Lu was added to 50 mL of 0.4M sodium acetate containing 10 gg of DOTATATE and 50 mg/mL of ascorbic acid (pH4.5) to obtain a DOTATATE to radionuclide molar ratio of about 20. These solutions were spiked with varying quantities of metallic contaminants (e.g. Ca, Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn). The quantities of metal cations were adjusted to obtain metal to radiometal molar ratios ranging from 1 to 100. The concentration of each analyte was verified by ICP optical emission spectrometry. The reaction mixture was incubated at 95°C for 25 min. Each point was tested in duplicate. 

FIGURE 1.2 Ratio range between dimensions of the cation substituent (r ) to the main cation (r ), at which the fluorite type of structure exists. 

Silicon—Cation Ratios in Solids and Stream Water. During low-flow periods of the Mattole river, the ratio of silicon (equivalents/liter) to alkalis plus alkaline earths (equivalents/liter) in solution is approximately 0.15-0.2, and following high flows it is in the range 0.8-0.9. These ratios can be compared with those in various common rock-forming minerals, as listed in Table IV. 

Adhesives, binders, and deflocculants function is dependent primarily on the presence of polysilicate ions. The soluble silicate used has a ratio range of 2.5 to 4.0, where the ratio is defined as one-half of the ratio of moles of Si to moles of cation (e.g., Na+ or tetramethylammonium ion, TMA+). 

Solid electrolytes are not usually solutions of a conducting solute in a solvent matrix. Liquid electrolyte solutions are often sufficiently dilute (1-10 millimolar) to be described by the textbook theories of Debye-Hiickel or Onsager and oppositely charged ions are sufficiently dispersed for interaction between anions and cations to be minimized. By contrast, molten salts are very concentrated (typically 2-20 molar), ion-ion interactions are pronounced, and alternative theories such as that of Fuoss [105] are required. Polymer electrolytes typically have [repeat unit] [cation] ratios, n, in the range 8 to 30, corresponding to 0.7 to 2.5 molar for PEOn LiC104 [106], and ion clustering is an important feature of their behaviour. To account for both the ion-polymer and ion-cluster interactions, Ratner and Nitzan have developed dynamic percolation theory [107]. 

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