Catenane multi-ring

Many other catenane species have been synthesised. These range from further simple [2]-catenanes, other [2]- as well as [3]-catenane species incorporating redox-active tetrathiafulvalene groups, other multi-ring derivatives, through to polymeric species incorporating catenane domains as part of a larger macromole-... 

Multi-ring catenanes may also be prepared by the cyclophane approach. The polyether LI 160 (Eq. 4.89), the trinaphtho-analogue of L1094, is a large ring and... 

Based on the chemistry discussed so far, two-step procedures for the assembly of [4]- and [5]-catenanes have also been developed. In part, the success of these syntheses reflects the use of the intermediate ring size crown, tris-/ -phenylene-[51]-crown-15 which provides two non-equivalent templating sites for the catenation reactions. The strategies employed for the construction of these extraordinary multi-linked systems are given in Figure 5.15. The respective products were characterised by means of FAB-MS and LSI-MS, with the fragmentation patterns... 

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