Catalyst Immobilization in Water

However, it is often more difficult to achieve high catalytic performance in water than in organic media, partly as a result of the generally poor water-compatibility of both the catalysts and/or the organic substrates. Several approaches have been invoked to achieve asymmetric catalysis in water, including hydrophilic modifica- 

An insightful discussion on an alternahve approach is provided in Chapter 6 of this Handbook, where insoluble polymer-supported chiral catalysts (chiral palladium phosphine complexes supported on TentaGel-type amphiphilic polymer bearing PEG chains) are used for heterogeneous asymmetric processes in water. 

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