Catalyst fluonde

The fluondes of mam group elements are widely applied in organic chemistry as catalysts for a wide variety of reactions Ionic fluorides of group 1 and group 2... 

Covalent fluondes of group 3 and group 5 elements (boron, tin, phosphorus, antimony, etc ) are widely used m organic synthesis as strong Lewis acids Boron trifluoride etherate is one of the most common reagents used to catalyze many organic reactions. A representative example is its recent application as a catalyst in the cycloadditions of 2-aza-l,3-dienes with different dienophiles [14] Boron trifluoride etherate and other fluonnated Lewis acids are effective activators of the... 

By varying the temperature and the ratio of hydrogen fluonde to tetrachloroethene, the ratio of chloropentafluoroethane to dichlorotetrafluoroethanes can be varied at will The ratio of 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane to 1,1-dichlorotetra-fluorocthane depends upon the temperature of the catalyst, higher temperatures favoring the latter, with yields that can vary from 10 to 50% depending upon operating condidons. 

A number of publications have appeared revealing that catalytic processes which are unsuccessful with vinylic fluondes can be applied effectively to fluoro-alkyl- and fluoioarylethylenes Hydroformylation [56] and related reactions such as amidocarbonylation [571 will proceed in high yield and regioselectivity The choice of the catalyst system, especially of rhodium and cobalt catalysts, allows either regioselective reaction to proceed A few of the large number of syntheuc variants are given in equation 45... 

Tnflic acid is an excellent catalyst for the nitration of aromatic compounds [87], In a mixture with nitric acid, it forms the highly electrophilic mtronium inflate, which can be isolated as a white crystalline solid Nitronium tnflate is a powerful nitrating reagent in inert organic solvents and in triflic acid or sulfuric acid. It nitrates benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, m-xylene, and benzotri-fluonde quantitatively in the temperature range of-110 to 30 °C with exceptionally high positional selectivity [87],... 

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