Carotenoids HPLC profile

Figure 10.2 Carotenoid HPLC profile of pooled extract from liver of mice supplemented with multicarotenold mixture for 24 weeks HPLC conditions described in text.

Guyomarc h, R, Binet, A., and Dufosse, L., Production of carotenoids by Brevibac-terium linens variation among strains, kinetic aspects and HPLC profiles, J. Ind. Microbiol. BiotechnoL, 24, 64, 2000. 

Fig. 2.16. HPLC profile of carotenoids in an extract of vegetable soup. An expansion of the profile from 30 to 39 is shown in the inset (A). Monitored wavelengths were 436, 440, 464, and 409 nm for peaks 9,10,11,12, and 14, respectively, in the inset (A). Peak identification 1 + 1" = all-trans-lutein and cw-lutein 2 = 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrolycopene (lycopene-5,6-diol) 3 = j3-apo-8 -carotenal (internal standard) 4 = lycopene 1,2-epoxide 5 = lycopene 5,6-epoxide 6 = 1,2-dimethoxyproly-copene (tentative identification) 7 = 5,6-dimethoxy-5,6-dihydrolycopene 8 = lycopene 9 = pheo-phytin b 10 = neurosporene 11 = (-carotene 12 = pheophytin a 13 = (-carotene 14 = pheophytin a isomer and (-carotene 15 = a-carotene 16 and 16" = all-trans-/fcarotene, cis-/J-carotene 17 and 17" = all-trans- or cA-phytofluene 18 and 18" = all-trans- or cw-phytoene. Reprinted with permisson from L. H. Tonucci et al. [40].

Fig. 2.23. Reversed-phase gradient HPLC profiles of carotenoids in human plasma. A human volunteer was given an oral dose of 5,6-epoxy-/l-carotene (9.1 /imol). Plasma was analysed for carotenoids before (a) and 6h after (b) the oral dose. Peak identification 1, bilirubin 2, lutein 3, zeaxanthin 4, /1-cryptoxanthin 5, 5,6-epoxy-/l-carotene 6, lycopene 7, /1-carotene. The detection wavelength was 445 nm. AU, absorbance unit. Reprinted with permission from A. B. Barua [50],...

No carotenoids were detected in tissues of animals sacrificed after 6 weeks. However, as shown in Table 10.4, after 24 weeks, nearly all carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, y-carotene, -carotene, a-carotene, P-carotene, phytofluene, phytoene) were bioavailable in colon and liver of the animals that received MCM. A typical HPLC profile of carotenoids in a pooled extract from mouse liver is shown in Figure 10.2. The major carotenoids in brain were lycopene, lutein, and P-carotene. Carotene predominated in the breast tissues, while lutein, lycopene, y-carotene, and a-carotene were detected in low concentrations. Carotenoids were not detected in tissues of the mice on WD without MCM. 

FIGURE 6.14 Carotenoid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile of a pigment extract from animal product (egg-yolk). Peaks 1, canthaxanthin 2, lutein 3, zeax-anthin 4, a-carotene 5, (i-carotene. Mobile phase A acetonitrile, B dichloromethane/hexane (1 1), and C methanol flow rate, 0.7 mL/min detection at 470 nm. (From Khachik, F. et al.. Methods Enzymol., 213, 205, 1992.)... 

Fig. 2.28. Relative abundance of carotenoid pigments in zebra finch diet, plasma and tissue. The carotenoid profile of each sample was determined by conventional reversed-phase HPLC. Letters denote significant differences in carotenoid composition (within tissues only) as determined by post hoc paired comparisons. Reprinted with permission from K. J. McGraw et al. [67].

Distributions of carotenoids can be used for chemotaxonomical classification (Tables 106.1, 106.2). Goodwin summarized the distribution of carotenoids in land plants, algae, and bacteria [2], and animals, especially invertebrates [3]. Rowan summarized the distribution in algae [4]. Recently, phytoplanktonic pigments have been summarized in a book by Roy et al. [9], and it compiles characteristics of algal carotenoids and Chls, including their structures, absorption spectra, and HPLC elution profiles [8]. 

Figure 4 Reversed-phase HPLC elution profiles of tocopherols (panel A), retinoids (B), and carotenoids (C) present in human plasma (200 pL). Blood was collected 3 h after an oral dose of retinoic acid. The chromatogram was obtained by use of gradient elution (Table 3). Peak identification 2, 4-oxo-retinoic acid 4, retinoyl P-glucuronide 7, retinoic acid 8, retinol 9, retinyl acetate (internal standard) 15, butylated hydroxy toluene 16, y-tocopherol 17, a-tocopherol 18, free bilirubin 19, lutein 20, zeaxanthin 21, 2, 3 -anhydrolutein 22, P-cryptoxanthin 23, lycopene 24, a-carotene 25, P-carotene. (From Ref. 73.)...

Cano and Marin (1992) studied differences in pigment profiles between fresh (uiuipe and ripe), frozen and canned kiwi fruit shces, using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), HPLC, UV-visible spectroscopy, and chemical tests. Pigments present in fresh and frozen kiwi fruit shces were xanthophyUs (9 -cis-neoxanthin, trans-violaxanthin, cw-violaxanthin, auroxanthin, lutein epoxide, and lutein), chlorophylls and their derivatives, and one hydrocarbon carotenoid... 

---