Carnot theory, problem

What s wrong with Carnot s theory I have nothing against Carnot personally. I do not hold his French nationality against him. I do not dislike French people, even though Liz s purse was stolen in Paris. But I do have several problems with the Carnot cycle ... 

Statement of the Camot-Claiisitis principle for an open reversible transformation. Entropy.—These propositions suffice to give a clue to the importance of the principle of Carnot and Claufflus in the theory of heat-engines but the study of the motive power of heat is not our object so let us return to the principle itself and try to put it into such a form that it may be easily applied to the problems of chemical mechanics. 

Carnot S (1824) Reflections sur la Puissance Motrice de Feu, found in the book ed. by Fox R, Librarie Philosophique (1978) (English trans Mendoza E (ed) (1960) Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire and Others). Dover, New York Carslaw HS, Jaeger JC (1959) Conduction of heat in solids. Oxford University Press, Oxford Chadwick P (1976) Continuum mecahnics concise theory and problems. Allen and Unwin, London... 

In the annals of science Carnot s work is almost unique, for it had no discernible predecessors and was built up from the assemblage of unordered opinions and problems, concepts, theories and measurements that were available at the time. Carnot, in short, was not standing on the shoulders of giants he sawfurther than his contemporaries because he had a much clearer vision (Cardwell, 1971, p.l93). 

In any case, after comparing Kelvin s work very favorably with that done by Holtzmann,... he takes (in his 1850 paper) as his starting point the basic problem to which Kelvin had drawn attention what happens to the mechanical effect which is lost when heat flows from a hot to a cold body not by way of a heat engine but by simple conduction He sees that, in fact, the position is more open, there are rather more possibilities, than Kelvin had supposed. On a nearer view - and how much is contained in that modest phrase - the new (Joule) theory is opposed not to Carnot s theory but to the assertion that no heat is expended or lost in a cyclic operation. For it is quite possible that in the production of work both processes take place at the same time . .. a certain portion of heat may be consumed and a further portion transmitted from a hot body to a cold one and both portions may stand in a definite relation to the quantity of work produced. ... 

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