Diseases cardiovascular

The NOS inhibitor L-iV -nitroarginine is protective against IR injury, having 

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Unfortunately, excess consumption of fatty foods has been correlated with serious human disease conditions. Effects on cardiovascular disease (95), cancer (96), and function of the immune system (97) have been shown. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the effects of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on semm cholesterol and more recently high density Hpoprotein (HDL) and low density Hpoprotein... 

Other cardiovascular diseases cover a long Hst of circulatory problems, including heart faHure, peripheral vascular disease, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. 

Anxiety disorders and insomnia represent relatively common medical problems within the general population. These problems typically recur over a person s lifetime (3,4). Epidemiological studies in the United States indicate that the lifetime prevalence for significant anxiety disorders is about 15%. Anxiety disorders are serious medical problems affecting not only quaUty of life, but additionally may indirecdy result in considerable morbidity owing to association with depression, cardiovascular disease, suicidal behavior, and substance-related disorders. 

W. B. Kaimel and T. R. Dauber, Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease The Framingham Study. Hypertension Mechanisms and Management, Framingham, Mass., 1973. 

Vitamin E can also act as an antioxidant (qv) in animals and humans alone or in combination with vitamin C (qv). Both are good free-radical scavengers with the vitamin C acting to preserve the levels of vitamin E (35). Vitamin E in turn can preserve the levels of vitamin A in animals (13). It has been shown that vitamin E reduces the incidence of cardiovascular disease (36—39). This most likely results from the antioxidant property of the vitamin which inhibits the oxidation of low density Hpoproteins (LDLs) (40—42). The formation of the oxidized LDLs is considered important in decreasing the incidence of cardiovascular disease (43). 

Lime and Lime-Soda Processes. The first softening plant in the early 1900s used the lime softening process with fill and draw units. Later, continuous-treatment units, which greatiy increased the amount of water that could be treated in a faciUty of given size, were developed. More than 1000 municipahties soften water. Most are in the Midwest and in Florida. However, concern for the adverse effect of soft water on cardiovascular disease (CVD) may limit the number of plants that introduce softening. 

Other Cardiovascular Agents Effecting Atherosclerosis. A large amount of clinical data is available concerning semm Upid profiles in patients subjected to dmg therapy for other cardiovascular diseases. Atheroma, for example, may be the underlying cause of hypertension and myocardial infarction. There are on the order of 1.5 million heart attacks pet year in the United States (155). 

Hypertension is one of the two principal risk factors of many cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and CHF. Individuals are considered hypertensive if their systoHc arterial blood pressure is over 140 mm Hg (18.7 Pa) or their diastoHc arterial blood pressure is over 90 mm Hg (12 Pa). Over 60 million people, or one-third of the adult population in the United States are estimated to be hypertensive (163). About 90% of these patients are classified as primary or essential hypertensive because the etiology of their hypertension is unknown. It is generally agreed that there is a very strong genetic or hereditary component to this disease. 

One study (83) indicated that in mildly hypertensive male patients treated with an antihypertensive dmg, those below the age of 50 or having no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease had no significant improvement from cardiovascular diseases within 3.3 years those over the age of 50 or having pre-existing cardiovascular disease benefited significantly. 

In a study with 3427 male and female patients having DBP of 95—109 mm Hg (12—15 Pa), and no clinical evidence of cardiovascular diseases, half of the patients were placebo-treated and half were SC antihypertensive dmg-treated, ie, step 1, chlorothiazide step 2, methyldopa, propranolol [525-66-6], or pindolol [13523-86-9], and step 3, hydralazine, or clonidine [4205-90-7] (86). Overall, when the DBP was reduced below 100 mm Hg (13 Pa), there were more deaths in the dmg-treated group than in the placebo group. The data suggest reduction of blood pressure by antihypertensive dmg treatment that includes a diuretic is accompanied by increased cardiovascular risks. 

The Oslo Trial (87) enrolled 785 male patients <50 years of age with DBP <110 mm Hg (15 Pa) and free of clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. If the initial DBP was <100 mm Hg (13 Pa), there were no differences in mortaUty or cardiovascular events in the placebo- or dmg-treated groups. If the initial DBP was >100 mm Hg, then the incidence of cardiovascular disease was greater in the dmg-treated than in the placebo-treated group. 

When adrninistered long-term for the treatment of hypertension, diuretics fulfill the goals of preventing cardiovascular disease and increasing longevity. However, diuretic therapy may produce both side and toxic effects that are significant in certain patient subgroups, eg, diabetics and cardiac patients. 

Department of Health, Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease, Report on Health and Soeial... 

Thus, it is apparent that soya, some soya products and linseed oil influence blood lipid levels, particularly cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. While the extent of the reduction appears to largely depend on an individual s initial serum cholesterol level, the maximum reductions observed are of the order of 10-15%. For hyperlipidemic individuals this may not be a marked reduction, but such an effect on the general population may well have a beneficial effect on the overall incidence of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The possibility that non-phytoestrogenic dietary components may contribute to the hypocholes-terolemic properties cannot, however, be discounted. Indeed, certain types of dietary fibre have been shown to have a hypolipidemic effect via their ability to increase faecal excretion rates. 

CO Reduction in the ability of the circulatory system to transport O Impairment of performance on tasks requiring vigilance Aggravation of cardiovascular disease. 

Aggravation of cardiovascular disease (i.e., decreased exercise capacity in patients with angina pectoris, intermittent claudication, or peripheral arteriosclerosis)... 

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