Carding

The card is the first machine in the spinning preparation that delivers a sliver. The main tasks of the card are 

If the working elements are opposed to each other, fibers are transferred from one clothing surface to the other, which is called a stripping action (Fig. 3.6). 

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A. The first four data cards contain control parameters which are read only once for a series of binary VLE data sets. 

First card FORMAT(2012), control and execution codes for the regression program (all integer values and right adjusted). 

Second card FORMAT(8F10.2), control variables for the regression. This program uses a Newton-Raphson type iteration which is susceptible to convergence problems with poor initial parameter estimates. Therefore, several features are implemented which help control oscillations, prevent divergence, and determine when convergence has been achieved. These features are controlled by the parameters on this card. The default values are the result of considerable experience and are adequate for the majority of situations. However, convergence may be enhanced in some cases with user supplied values. 

Third card FORMAT(8F10.2), size of increments to be used in central difference formula for calculating derivatives with respect to the independent variables. 

B. The next four data cards contain pure-component data for component one. 

Third and Fourth cards FORMAT(3E20.14), constants for zero-pressure reference fugacity equation, vapor pressure equation, or hypothetical-liquid reference fugacity equation of the form... 

C. The next four data cards contain pure-component data for component two. The same format as used in part B is repeated here. 

D. The next card supplies the solvation and association parameters, and the third parameter for either the UNIQUAC, NRTL, or Wilson equation, if this parameter is not being fitted. 

F. The next card supplies the VLB data reference (2 cards if IRF=1). FORMAT(15A4). 

G. The next NN cards supply the VLB data. NN equals the number of experimental points. Bach card has one set of data. FORMAT(8F10.2). 

H. The next cards provide estimates of the standard deviations of the experimental data. At least one card is needed with non-zero values. Units are the same as those of the VLE data. FORMAT(4f10.2,I2). ... 

I. The next card gives the initial parameter estimates. 

Multiple sets of binary VLE data may be correlated by continuing with another set of cards starting at part B. The last set of cards must be followed with a blank card to end the program. 

Pure component parameters for 92 components, and as many binary interaction parameters as have been established, are cited in Appendix C. These parameters can be loaded from formated cards, or other input file containing card images, by subroutine PARIN. 

The addition of components to this set of 92, the change of a few parameter values for existing components, or the inclusion of additional UNIQUAC binary interaction parameters, as they may become available, is best accomplished by adding or changing cards in the input deck containing the parameters. The formats of these cards are discussed in the subroutine PARIN description. Where many parameters, especially the binary association and solvation parameters are to be changed for an existing... 

PARIN loads values of pure component and binary parameters from formatted card images into labeled common blocks /PURE/ and /BINARY/ for a maximum of 100 components. 

Set of 2 cards for each component (2M total) component index J... 

Set of cards for UNIQUAC binary interaction parameters up to M(M-l)/2 cards) component indices I and J... 

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